Distribution and Bioavailability of Copper in the Soil of a Young Steep Vineyard Applying Different Extraction Procedures and Pseudo-Total Digestion

• Published in: Water, air, and soil pollution Vol. 235; no. 6; p. 326
• Main Author: Pham, Nhung Thi Ha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-06-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Accumulation; Agrochemicals; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bioavailability; Calcium chloride; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Contamination; Copper; Digestion; Earth and Environmental Science; Edetic acid; Environment; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids; Extraction procedures; Fungicides; Hydrogeology; Risk factors; Soil contamination; Soil erosion; Soil pollution; Soil Science & Conservation; Subsoils; Topsoil; Vineyards; Water Quality/Water Pollution; Wineries & vineyards; Ecological Risk; Bioavailibility; Vineyard Soil; Copper; Single Extraction Procedure
• ISSN: 0049-6979; 1573-2932
• DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07166-6

The Cu accumulation in vineyard soils is a major ecological and toxicological burden. However, assessing the Cu in young vineyards with the intensive use of agrochemicals has received little attention. Therefore, for the first time, this study evaluates the accumulation and bioavailability of Cu in the soils of the five-year-old vineyard of an emerging grape-growing region in Phu Tho Province, NW Vietnam using different single extraction procedures (CH
3
COOH, CaCl
2
, and Na
2
-EDTA) and pseudo-total digestion. The ecological risk of Cu is also calculated by the contamination factor and the ecological risk factor. Results reveal that with the short-term use of Cu-fungicides, in the studied soil, Cu is present in an acceptable medium level compared to other reports. However, Cu enrichment can be noticed in the topsoil. A higher mean pseudo-total Cu content is found in the topsoil (0-20 cm) (42.7 mg/kg) compared to the subsoil (20-40-60 cm) (37.0 mg/kg). In addition, due to soil erosion, a downslope accumulation of Cu can be indicated. The extractants are effective comparing to the pseudo-total concentrations in the following order Na
2
-EDTA ˃ CH
3
COOH ˃ CaCl
2
. Based on the bioavailable contents, Cu shows an overall low mobility. The contamination factor implies moderate contamination of the soil. These indicate that Cu is slightly influenced by human activities, such as fungicide application. Although an overall low adverse ecological risk is observed, understanding of the potential enrichment of Cu in the soil of young vineyards can contribute to the development of environmentally friendly vineyard management practices.