Survey of biomechanical aspects of arthropod terrestrialisation – Substrate bound legged locomotion

Survey of biomechanical aspects of arthropod terrestrialisation – Substrate bound legged locomotion

Arthropods are the most diverse clade on earth with regard to both species number and variability of body plans. Their general body plan is characterised by variable numbers of legs, and many-legged locomotion is an essential aspect of many aquatic and terrestrial arthropod species. Moreover, arthro...

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Published in:Arthropod structure & development Vol. 59; p. 100983
Main Author: Weihmann, Tom
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2020
Subjects:
Animals
Arthropods - anatomy & histology
Arthropods - physiology
Biological Evolution
Biomechanical Phenomena
Ecological transitions
Ecosystem
Evolutionary constraints
Locomotion
Miniaturization
Physical constraints
Polypedal locomotion
Polypedal locomotion
Miniaturization
Ecological transitions
Evolutionary constraints
Physical constraints
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Abstract Arthropods are the most diverse clade on earth with regard to both species number and variability of body plans. Their general body plan is characterised by variable numbers of legs, and many-legged locomotion is an essential aspect of many aquatic and terrestrial arthropod species. Moreover, arthropods belong to the first groups of animals to colonise subaerial habitats, and they did so repeatedly and independently in a couple of clades. Those arthropod clades that colonised land habitats were equipped with highly variable body plans and locomotor apparatuses. Proceeding from their respective specific anatomies, they were challenged with strongly changing environmental conditions as well as altered physical and physiological constraints. This review explores the transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats across the different arthropod body plans and explains the major mechanisms and principles that constrain design and function of a range of locomotor apparatuses. Important aspects of movement physiology addressed here include the effects of different numbers of legs, different body sizes, miniaturisation and simplification of body plans and different ratios of inertial and damping forces. The article's focus is on continuous legged locomotion, but related ecological and behavioural aspects are also taken into account. •The manuscript provides a comprehensive approach on biomechanical principles underlying arthropod terrestrialisation.•All major clades and body plans are covered.•Major constraints imposed by ecology and physical interactions with the environment are taken into account.
AbstractList Arthropods are the most diverse clade on earth with regard to both species number and variability of body plans. Their general body plan is characterised by variable numbers of legs, and many-legged locomotion is an essential aspect of many aquatic and terrestrial arthropod species. Moreover, arthropods belong to the first groups of animals to colonise subaerial habitats, and they did so repeatedly and independently in a couple of clades. Those arthropod clades that colonised land habitats were equipped with highly variable body plans and locomotor apparatuses. Proceeding from their respective specific anatomies, they were challenged with strongly changing environmental conditions as well as altered physical and physiological constraints. This review explores the transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats across the different arthropod body plans and explains the major mechanisms and principles that constrain design and function of a range of locomotor apparatuses. Important aspects of movement physiology addressed here include the effects of different numbers of legs, different body sizes, miniaturisation and simplification of body plans and different ratios of inertial and damping forces. The article's focus is on continuous legged locomotion, but related ecological and behavioural aspects are also taken into account.
Arthropods are the most diverse clade on earth with regard to both species number and variability of body plans. Their general body plan is characterised by variable numbers of legs, and many-legged locomotion is an essential aspect of many aquatic and terrestrial arthropod species. Moreover, arthropods belong to the first groups of animals to colonise subaerial habitats, and they did so repeatedly and independently in a couple of clades. Those arthropod clades that colonised land habitats were equipped with highly variable body plans and locomotor apparatuses. Proceeding from their respective specific anatomies, they were challenged with strongly changing environmental conditions as well as altered physical and physiological constraints. This review explores the transitions from aquatic to terrestrial habitats across the different arthropod body plans and explains the major mechanisms and principles that constrain design and function of a range of locomotor apparatuses. Important aspects of movement physiology addressed here include the effects of different numbers of legs, different body sizes, miniaturisation and simplification of body plans and different ratios of inertial and damping forces. The article's focus is on continuous legged locomotion, but related ecological and behavioural aspects are also taken into account. •The manuscript provides a comprehensive approach on biomechanical principles underlying arthropod terrestrialisation.•All major clades and body plans are covered.•Major constraints imposed by ecology and physical interactions with the environment are taken into account.
ArticleNumber 100983
Author Weihmann, Tom
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Tom
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6628-1816
  surname: Weihmann
  fullname: Weihmann, Tom
  email: tom.weihmann@uni-koeln.de
  organization: Dept. of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33160205$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Polypedal locomotion
Miniaturization
Ecological transitions
Evolutionary constraints
Physical constraints
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Snippet Arthropods are the most diverse clade on earth with regard to both species number and variability of body plans. Their general body plan is characterised by...
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StartPage 100983
SubjectTerms Animals
Arthropods - anatomy & histology
Arthropods - physiology
Biological Evolution
Biomechanical Phenomena
Ecological transitions
Ecosystem
Evolutionary constraints
Locomotion
Miniaturization
Physical constraints
Polypedal locomotion
Title Survey of biomechanical aspects of arthropod terrestrialisation – Substrate bound legged locomotion
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2020.100983
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33160205
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2458722247
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