A Rare but Life-Threatening Case of Fournier’s Gangrene Caused by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor, Empagliflozin

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 14; no. 9
• Main Authors: Jahir, Tahmina, Hossain, Sadaf, Bagum, Mobasera, Saidi, Ahmed, Risal, Ruby, Schmidt, Marie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto Cureus Inc 17-09-2022; Cureus
• Subjects: Abdomen; Antibiotics; Antidiabetics; Bacterial infections; Blood pressure; Cardiac arrhythmia; Case reports; Diabetes; Emergency medical care; Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism; Females; Fungal infections; Gangrene; Glucose; Heart failure; Hemoglobin; Infectious Disease; Insulin; Internal Medicine; Mortality; Necrotizing fasciitis; Patients; Phosphatase; Proteins; Sepsis; Sodium; Surgery; Tomography; Urinalysis; Yeast
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29264

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare but severe infection in the soft tissue, leading to necrosis in the perineum, perianal and genitourinary area. This infection can spread rapidly in the body and lead to multi-organ failure, septic shock, and death. This life-threatening infection is usually caused by polymicrobial agents like Group A - Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus- Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus, and anaerobes like Bacteroides and Clostridium perfringes. Risk factors related to the development of FG are obesity, uncontrolled diabetes, lack of education, poor personal hygiene, especially in the genital region, history of fungal infection, recurrent urinary tract infection, smoking, immunosuppression, and medication. In 2018, a safety warning was issued by The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, causing a rare but serious adverse outcome of FG in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is established that the increased urinary glucose concentration caused by SGLT-2 inhibitors creates a suitable environment for the growth of the infection in the urinary and genital area, leading to the development of FG. Here we present a case of life-threatening FG in an obese female with a past medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus with recurrent history of genital yeast infection four months after starting an SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin. This study aims to understand the relationship between the FG and SGLT-2 inhibitor, overall the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors outweighs the risk manyfold, therefore, raising awareness among clinician to be vigilant, keep a high index of suspicion and focus on the safe use of SGLT2 inhibitors, especially before and after prescribing SGLT-2 inhibitor with a close follow-up to prevent its serious and life-threatening emergency like Fournier's gangrene and necrotizing fasciitis.