Passivity-based control for an isolated DC microgrid with hydrogen energy storage system

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy Vol. 67; pp. 1262 - 1269
• Main Authors: Martínez, L., Fernández, D., Mantz, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 20-05-2024
• Subjects: DC microgrid; Hydrogen energy storage system; Passivity-based control; Sliding mode control; Passivity-based control; DC microgrid; Hydrogen energy storage system; Sliding mode control
• ISSN: 0360-3199
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.324

Renewable energy production through electrolysis of water to obtain ”green hydrogen” has gained interest as a clean energy storage option. However, integrating variable renewable energy resources into the grid poses challenges to maintaining energy balance and stability. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system combining short-term battery energy storage system and long-term hydrogen-based energy storage system is proposed for an isolated DC microgrid with a structure similar to a hydrogen refueling station. Passivity-Based Control (IDA-PBC) is utilized for power converters regulation, ensuring global stability based on Lyapunov theory while accounting for the nonlinear characteristics of the physical system. The control strategy is designed to ensure a reliable supply of electrical energy to the loads, preserve the quality of electrical variables in the network, and secure the safe operation of system components. Additionally, to safeguard devices from overvoltage, a Sliding Mode Reference Conditioning loop (SMRC) is proposed. It intervenes only when there is a potential risk of exceeding predefined boundaries. Simulations results under demanding conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating hydrogen energy storage systems with IDA-PBC and SMRC for this class of problems.
•An isolated MG with H2 storage, typical structure of a refueling station, was modeled.•The IDA-PBC ensures the stability of the nonlinear and complex MG.•SMRC ensures overvoltage protection in the bus.•The control confirms that H2 storage integrated with RES contributes to MG stability.