Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Acute Glycemic Response of Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides from Cellulose and Xylan in Healthy Adults: Two Double-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Trials

• Published in: Journal of the American Nutrition Association Vol. 43; no. 4; pp. 305 - 314
• Main Authors: Moura de Oliveira Beltrame, Daniela, Simmons, Thomas Joseph, Jenkins, Alexandra L, Dinan, Timothy, Nicholson, Thomas Joseph
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 18-05-2024
• Subjects: Adult; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Cellulose; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Double-Blind Method; Feces - chemistry; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases - chemically induced; Glycemic Index - drug effects; Humans; Insulin - blood; Male; Middle Aged; Oligosaccharides - administration & dosage; Oligosaccharides - adverse effects; Oligosaccharides - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - adverse effects; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Polysaccharides - administration & dosage; Polysaccharides - adverse effects; Polysaccharides - pharmacology; Postprandial Period; Xylans - administration & dosage; Xylans - pharmacology; Young Adult; glycemic response; Oligosaccharides; xylan; cellulose; tolerability
• ISSN: 2769-7061; 2769-707X
• DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2282615

The aim of this study was to investigate the gastrointestinal tolerability, glycemic and insulinemic responses of Plant Fiber Extract (PFE), a mixture comprising of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides derived from cellulose and xylan.
Two double-blind, randomized, controlled, cross-over trials were conducted in healthy adults. In the first trial, participants (
 = 29) consumed either 25, 35 or 45 g per day of PFE or resistant maltodextrin (Control) for 14 days. The occurrence and severity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, stool parameters, and safety outcomes were evaluated with a combination of surveys and blood analysis respectively. In the second trial (
 = 20), the post-prandial glycemic and insulinemic responses after the ingestion of 20 g of PFE diluted in water or incorporated into chocolate chips was measured and then compared to that of glucose and regular chocolate, respectively.
For all timepoints (0, 7 and 14 days), within any given dose group, there was no statistically significant difference in the GI symptoms score between PFE and Control. Further, for each test product (PFE or Control), no difference was observed in the same dose group from days 0 and 14. Stool consistency score and number of participants experiencing loose or watery stools was similar between products. No serious adverse events were reported and neither PFE nor Control significantly altered blood or urine safety parameters. The glycemic and insulinemic responses after PFE ingestion in comparison to glucose were 12% and 8% respectively. The glycemic and insulinemic responses after consuming chocolate containing PFE were 20% of that of regular chocolate.
PFE was well-tolerated by healthy volunteers in doses up to 45 g/day and it elicited comparatively low glycemic and insulinemic responses when consumed alone or when incorporated into a food product.