Characterization and pathogenicity of three Phytophthora spp. recovered from rivers in Bulgaria

• Published in: Journal of phytopathology Vol. 168; no. 4; pp. 195 - 203
• Main Authors: Lyubenova, Aneta, Christova, Petya, Kostov, Kaloyan, Slavov, Slavtcho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-04-2020
• Subjects: Bulgarian rivers; Fruit trees; Fruits; Growth rate; Infections; Leaves; Mycelia; Orchards; Pathogenicity; pathogenicity tests; Pathogens; Phytophthora; Phytophthora chlamydospora; Phytophthora pseudocryptogea; Phytophthora syringae; Rivers; Species; Sporangia; Bulgaria
• ISSN: 0931-1785; 1439-0434
• DOI: 10.1111/jph.12881

Many Phytophthora species are pathogens on fruit trees and may cause destructive diseases. In the current study, we examined six Phytophthora isolates recovered from rivers in Bulgaria, representatives of the following three species: Phytophthora chlamydospora, P. pseudocryptogea and P. syringae. Morphological traits, cardinal temperatures and growth rates of the isolates were described. We found considerable variation in the size of sporangia and significant difference in the mycelial growth rates of the two P. pseudocryptogea isolates, along with multiple polymorphic sites in the ITS region of one of them. In the cases of the other two Phytophthora species, no such differences were found between the isolates. Both P. chlamydospora isolates had a lower optimum growth temperature compared with the reported in the literature for this species. In pathogenicity tests against leaves and fruits of apple, pear, cherry, apricot and plum, the isolates proved to be capable of causing infections with varying severity. P. chlamydospora showed to be the most aggressive towards the leaves, while P. pseudocryptogea isolates induced the highest percentage of decay on the fruits of all tested tree species, which may suggest partial organ or tissue specificity. The demonstrated infection capacity of the described isolates points out the investigated Phytophthora species as a potential threat for the orchards in Bulgaria, if favourable conditions are available.