Prevention of secondary caries using fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticle-modified glass-ionomer cement

• Published in: Clinical oral investigations Vol. 28; no. 9; p. 504
• Main Authors: Altınışık, Hanife, Erten Can, Hülya, Mutlu Ağardan, Necibe Başaran, Berkkan, Aysel, Güney, Mustafa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 28-08-2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biofilms - drug effects; Cariostatic Agents - chemistry; Chitosan; Chitosan - chemistry; Computed tomography; Controlled release; Dental caries; Dental Caries - prevention & control; Dental cement; Dental Restoration, Permanent - methods; Dental restorative materials; Dentistry; Fluorides; Fluorides - chemistry; Glass Ionomer Cements - chemistry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lesions; Materials Testing; Medicine; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molar; Molars; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Pediatrics; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Surface Properties; Teeth; Tomography; X-Ray Microtomography; X-ray spectroscopy; Caries; Glass-ionomer cement; Chitosan; Nanochitosan
• ISSN: 1436-3771; 1432-6981; 1436-3771
• DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05891-0

Objective
To study the effect of incorporating chitosan and fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) to prevent secondary caries.
Materials and methods
A standard cervical cavity (mesio-distal width 6 mm, cervico-occlusal width 2 mm, and depth 2 mm) was prepared on 30 molars for the following restoration groups: group 1, conventional GIC restoration; group 2, chitosan (10%) modified GIC restoration; group 3, fluoride loaded chitosan nanoparticles (10%) modified GIC restoration. The restored teeth were subjected to 1,500 thermal cycles before undergoing a multi-species cariogenic biofilm challenge. The restored teeth were examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey HDS, Kruskal Wallis, and Dunn’s test.
Results
Micro-CT determined outer lesion depths for groups 1–3 were: 614 ± 20 μm, 589 ± 17 μm, and 560 ± 19 μm respectively. Both modifications with chitosan and fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles significantly affected outer lesion depth (
p
 < 0.05). The modification with fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles statistically significantly decreased the outer lesion depth compared to all other groups (
p
 < 0.05). SEM/EDX showed an increase of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride at the root dentine adjacent to the restoration in groups 2 and 3 (modified GIC). This increase was statistically significantly higher in the group modified with fluorine-loaded nano chitosan particles compared to the other groups (
p
 < 0.05).
Conclusion
Incorporation of 10% chitosan and 10% fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into GIC restorative material can prevent secondary root caries development. 10% fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were more effective.
Clinical significance
Glass ionomer cement modified with fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles may be a promising restorative material in pediatric and preventive dentistry due to their controlled release properties.