General Properties of Conventional and High-Temperature Superconductors

• Published in: Crystals (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 9; p. 826
• Main Authors: Shaginyan, Vasily R., Msezane, Alfred Z., Artamonov, Stanislav A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Analysis; Electrons; Elementary excitations; Energy; Fermions; flat bands; Fluids; Graphene; High temperature superconductors; high-Tc superconductivity; Phase transitions; quantum phase transition; Superconductivity; Superfluidity; Temperature; Unconventional superconductors; Canada
• ISSN: 2073-4352; 2073-4352
• DOI: 10.3390/cryst14090826

In our review, we analyze the scaling of the condensation energy EΔ divided by γ, EΔ/γ≃N(0)Δ12/γ, and quasiparticles of both conventional and unconventional superconductors, where N(0) is the density of states at zero temperature T=0, Δ1 is the maximum value of the superconducting gap, and γ is the Sommerfeld coefficient. It is shown that Bogoliubov quasiparticles act in superconducting states of unconventional and conventional superconductors. At the same time, quasiparticles are also present in the normal state of unconventional superconductors. We briefly describe the difference between unconventional superconductors and conventional ones, such as the resistivity in normal states and the difference in superfluid density in superconducting states. For the first time, we theoretically show that the universal scaling of EΔ/γ∝Tc2 applies equally to both conventional and unconventional superconductors. Our consideration is based on two experimental facts: Bogoliubov quasiparticles act in conventional and non-conventional superconductors and the corresponding flat band is deformed by the non-conventional superconducting state. As a result, our theoretical observations based on the theory of fermion condensation agree well with the experimental facts.