Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus Interference in Maize and Application of Allelopathic Crop Extracts for Their Effective Management1
ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allel...
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Published in: | Planta daninha Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 209 - 218 |
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Abstract | ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field.
RESUMO Bredo (Trianthema portulacastrum) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) são duas plantas daninhas do tipo C4 que causam grandes perdas de rendimento na cultura do milho. Foi realizado um experimento de campo com duração de dois anos para estimar a interferência de T. portulacastrum e C. rotundus e avaliar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos no manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas no milho. Cinco extratos aquosos de espécies vegetais em dez combinações binárias foram aplicados nas folhas em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As parcelas foram tratadas com o herbicida comercial atrazina, e a testemunha sem capina (controle) foi utilizada para fins de comparação. A maior densidade de ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas foi observada 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto a biomassa seca das plantas daninhas foi maior aos 60 DAS. A combinação binária de sorgo-girassol resultou na maior redução de densidade das plantas daninhas, biomassa seca e índice de persistência (88-92% para T. portulacastrum e 65-81% para C. rotundus) em comparação com a testemunha sem capina. Esta combinação de tratamento também registrou um aumento de 125% no índice de resistência da cultura, 84% no índice de área foliar, 41% na taxa de crescimento da cultura aos 60-75 DAS, levando assim, ao aumento de 51% na produção de grãos. A combinação binária de girassol-colza resultou em máximo benefício líquido marginal, enquanto a combinação milho-sorgo permitiu estimar o valor máximo da taxa marginal de retorno. Além do manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas e do maior rendimento, a combinação sorgo-girassol trouxe os melhores benefícios econômicos líquidos entre as diferentes combinações de extratos vegetais, sugerindo, portanto, que a aplicação exógena do extrato de sorgo-girassol pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz no controle destas plantas daninhas em lavouras de milho. |
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AbstractList | ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field. ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field. RESUMO Bredo (Trianthema portulacastrum) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) são duas plantas daninhas do tipo C4 que causam grandes perdas de rendimento na cultura do milho. Foi realizado um experimento de campo com duração de dois anos para estimar a interferência de T. portulacastrum e C. rotundus e avaliar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos no manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas no milho. Cinco extratos aquosos de espécies vegetais em dez combinações binárias foram aplicados nas folhas em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As parcelas foram tratadas com o herbicida comercial atrazina, e a testemunha sem capina (controle) foi utilizada para fins de comparação. A maior densidade de ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas foi observada 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto a biomassa seca das plantas daninhas foi maior aos 60 DAS. A combinação binária de sorgo-girassol resultou na maior redução de densidade das plantas daninhas, biomassa seca e índice de persistência (88-92% para T. portulacastrum e 65-81% para C. rotundus) em comparação com a testemunha sem capina. Esta combinação de tratamento também registrou um aumento de 125% no índice de resistência da cultura, 84% no índice de área foliar, 41% na taxa de crescimento da cultura aos 60-75 DAS, levando assim, ao aumento de 51% na produção de grãos. A combinação binária de girassol-colza resultou em máximo benefício líquido marginal, enquanto a combinação milho-sorgo permitiu estimar o valor máximo da taxa marginal de retorno. Além do manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas e do maior rendimento, a combinação sorgo-girassol trouxe os melhores benefícios econômicos líquidos entre as diferentes combinações de extratos vegetais, sugerindo, portanto, que a aplicação exógena do extrato de sorgo-girassol pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz no controle destas plantas daninhas em lavouras de milho. |
Author | HUSSAIN, S. IHSAN, M.Z. ASLAM, Z. ZAMANAN, S.A. NAEEM, M. MAHMOOD, A. DAUR, I. |
AuthorAffiliation | King Abdul Aziz University Huazhong Agricultural University University of Agriculture |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: King Abdul Aziz University – name: University of Agriculture – name: Huazhong Agricultural University |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. surname: NAEEM fullname: NAEEM, M. organization: University of Agriculture, Pakistan – sequence: 2 givenname: A. surname: MAHMOOD fullname: MAHMOOD, A. organization: University of Agriculture, Pakistan – sequence: 3 givenname: M.Z. surname: IHSAN fullname: IHSAN, M.Z. organization: King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 4 givenname: I. surname: DAUR fullname: DAUR, I. organization: King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 5 givenname: S. surname: HUSSAIN fullname: HUSSAIN, S. organization: Huazhong Agricultural University, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Z. surname: ASLAM fullname: ASLAM, Z. organization: University of Agriculture, Pakistan – sequence: 7 givenname: S.A. surname: ZAMANAN fullname: ZAMANAN, S.A. organization: King Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eti_2019_100343 crossref_primary_10_1590_s0100_83582018360100094 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11738_017_2419_4 crossref_primary_10_51694_AdvWeedSci_2022_40_seventy_five005 crossref_primary_10_1590_s0100_83582017350100017 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11258_024_01421_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cropro_2019_01_030 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cropro_2020_105162 |
Cites_doi | 10.1590/S0100-83582015000100003 10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600040031x 10.1080/09670870110044625 10.1007/s11356-014-3304-y 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083165 10.21273/JASHS.133.4.551 10.1111/wre.12104 10.1007/s10725-012-9764-5 10.1007/s10886-006-9222-9 10.1126/science.185.4148.370 10.1111/wbm.12070 |
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DocumentTitleAlternate | Interferência de Trianthema portulacastrum e Cyperus rotundus sobre o Milho e Manejo Eficaz com a Aplicação de Extratos Alelopáticos à Cultura |
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Keywords | benefícios líquidos manejo de plantas daninhas weed management aleloquímicos plant leachates binary combination allelochemicals combinação binária lixiviados de plantas net benefits |
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Snippet | ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield... |
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SubjectTerms | allelochemicals binary combination net benefits plant leachates PLANT SCIENCES weed management |
Title | Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus Interference in Maize and Application of Allelopathic Crop Extracts for Their Effective Management1 |
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