Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus Interference in Maize and Application of Allelopathic Crop Extracts for Their Effective Management1

ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allel...

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Published in:Planta daninha Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 209 - 218
Main Authors: NAEEM, M., MAHMOOD, A., IHSAN, M.Z., DAUR, I., HUSSAIN, S., ASLAM, Z., ZAMANAN, S.A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas 01-06-2016
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Abstract ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field. RESUMO Bredo (Trianthema portulacastrum) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) são duas plantas daninhas do tipo C4 que causam grandes perdas de rendimento na cultura do milho. Foi realizado um experimento de campo com duração de dois anos para estimar a interferência de T. portulacastrum e C. rotundus e avaliar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos no manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas no milho. Cinco extratos aquosos de espécies vegetais em dez combinações binárias foram aplicados nas folhas em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As parcelas foram tratadas com o herbicida comercial atrazina, e a testemunha sem capina (controle) foi utilizada para fins de comparação. A maior densidade de ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas foi observada 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto a biomassa seca das plantas daninhas foi maior aos 60 DAS. A combinação binária de sorgo-girassol resultou na maior redução de densidade das plantas daninhas, biomassa seca e índice de persistência (88-92% para T. portulacastrum e 65-81% para C. rotundus) em comparação com a testemunha sem capina. Esta combinação de tratamento também registrou um aumento de 125% no índice de resistência da cultura, 84% no índice de área foliar, 41% na taxa de crescimento da cultura aos 60-75 DAS, levando assim, ao aumento de 51% na produção de grãos. A combinação binária de girassol-colza resultou em máximo benefício líquido marginal, enquanto a combinação milho-sorgo permitiu estimar o valor máximo da taxa marginal de retorno. Além do manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas e do maior rendimento, a combinação sorgo-girassol trouxe os melhores benefícios econômicos líquidos entre as diferentes combinações de extratos vegetais, sugerindo, portanto, que a aplicação exógena do extrato de sorgo-girassol pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz no controle destas plantas daninhas em lavouras de milho.
AbstractList ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field.
ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield losses. A two years field experiment was performed to estimate interference of T. portulacastrum and C. rotundus and to evaluate the role of allelopathic water extracts for effective weed management in maize. Five plant water extracts in ten binary combinations were foliar applied in triplicated randomized complete block design. Plots treated with commercial herbicide atrazine and weedy check (control), were also maintained for comparison. The highest density of both weed species was observed at 45 days after sowing (DAS) while weed dry biomass was higher at 60 DAS. Binary combination of sorghum-sunflower depicted greater suppression for weed density, dry biomass and persistence index (88-92% for T. portulacastrum and 65-81% for C. rotundus) as compared with weedy check. This treatment combination has also recorded an enhancement of 125% in crop resistance index, 84% in leaf area index and 41% in crop growth rate at 60-75 DAS thus, leading to 51% improvement in grain yield. Binary combination of sunflower-brassica returned maximum marginal net benefit, while sorghum-maize combination anticipated the peak value for marginal rate of return. Along with the effective weed management and higher yield, sorghum-sunflower documented the maximum net economic benefits among different plant extract combinations therefore, suggesting that exogenous application of sorghum-sunflower extract can be effectively used for controlling these weeds in maize field. RESUMO Bredo (Trianthema portulacastrum) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus) são duas plantas daninhas do tipo C4 que causam grandes perdas de rendimento na cultura do milho. Foi realizado um experimento de campo com duração de dois anos para estimar a interferência de T. portulacastrum e C. rotundus e avaliar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos no manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas no milho. Cinco extratos aquosos de espécies vegetais em dez combinações binárias foram aplicados nas folhas em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. As parcelas foram tratadas com o herbicida comercial atrazina, e a testemunha sem capina (controle) foi utilizada para fins de comparação. A maior densidade de ambas as espécies de plantas daninhas foi observada 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS), enquanto a biomassa seca das plantas daninhas foi maior aos 60 DAS. A combinação binária de sorgo-girassol resultou na maior redução de densidade das plantas daninhas, biomassa seca e índice de persistência (88-92% para T. portulacastrum e 65-81% para C. rotundus) em comparação com a testemunha sem capina. Esta combinação de tratamento também registrou um aumento de 125% no índice de resistência da cultura, 84% no índice de área foliar, 41% na taxa de crescimento da cultura aos 60-75 DAS, levando assim, ao aumento de 51% na produção de grãos. A combinação binária de girassol-colza resultou em máximo benefício líquido marginal, enquanto a combinação milho-sorgo permitiu estimar o valor máximo da taxa marginal de retorno. Além do manejo eficaz de plantas daninhas e do maior rendimento, a combinação sorgo-girassol trouxe os melhores benefícios econômicos líquidos entre as diferentes combinações de extratos vegetais, sugerindo, portanto, que a aplicação exógena do extrato de sorgo-girassol pode ser uma ferramenta eficaz no controle destas plantas daninhas em lavouras de milho.
Author HUSSAIN, S.
IHSAN, M.Z.
ASLAM, Z.
ZAMANAN, S.A.
NAEEM, M.
MAHMOOD, A.
DAUR, I.
AuthorAffiliation King Abdul Aziz University
Huazhong Agricultural University
University of Agriculture
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Cites_doi 10.1590/S0100-83582015000100003
10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600040031x
10.1080/09670870110044625
10.1007/s11356-014-3304-y
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083165
10.21273/JASHS.133.4.551
10.1111/wre.12104
10.1007/s10725-012-9764-5
10.1007/s10886-006-9222-9
10.1126/science.185.4148.370
10.1111/wbm.12070
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DocumentTitleAlternate Interferência de Trianthema portulacastrum e Cyperus rotundus sobre o Milho e Manejo Eficaz com a Aplicação de Extratos Alelopáticos à Cultura
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Issue 2
Keywords benefícios líquidos
manejo de plantas daninhas
weed management
aleloquímicos
plant leachates
binary combination
allelochemicals
combinação binária
lixiviados de plantas
net benefits
Language English
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Snippet ABSTRACT Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) are two noxious C4 weeds of maize crop causing extensive yield...
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SubjectTerms allelochemicals
binary combination
net benefits
plant leachates
PLANT SCIENCES
weed management
Title Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus Interference in Maize and Application of Allelopathic Crop Extracts for Their Effective Management1
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