Exploration of Ce+3 substitution on electron density distribution, optical, and magnetic properties of Ni-Co-Zn spinel nano-ferrites

• Published in: Journal of sol-gel science and technology Vol. 107; no. 2; pp. 401 - 416
• Main Authors: Kakde, A. S., Wakde, G. C., Wani, M. A., Gaikwad, V. M., Meshram, N. S., Lad, A. B., Rewatkar, K. G., Belekar, R. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01-08-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Cations; Ceramics; Cerium; Chemistry and Materials Science; Cobalt; Coercivity; colloids; Combustion synthesis; Composites; Crystal structure; Curie temperature; Density distribution; Dilution; Earth; Electron density; Electrons; etc.; Ferrites; fibers; Fourier transforms; Glass; Infrared spectroscopy; Inorganic Chemistry; Lattice strain; Magnetic permeability; Magnetic properties; Magnetometers; Materials Science; Mathematical analysis; Nanotechnology; Natural Materials; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optical properties; Original Paper: Nano-structured materials (particles; Raman spectroscopy; Room temperature; Spectrum analysis; Spinel; Substitutes; Zinc; Rare earth substituted spinel ferrite; Cation distribution; Magnetic interactions; Rietveld analysis; Magnetic studies
• ISSN: 0928-0707; 1573-4846
• DOI: 10.1007/s10971-023-06121-x

The present research module is about microwave-assisted sol-gel combustion synthesis of rare earth doped Ni-Co-Zn spinel ferrite nanoparticles. The phase formation, morphologies, and crystal structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The structural parameters, cation distribution, and lattice strain were calculated by Rietveld analysis and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plots. The electron density mapping of rare earth substituted Ni-Co spinel nano-ferrites was calculated by the G-fourier tool. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to carry out the room-temperature hysteresis curve of Ni-Co spinel nano-ferrites. The magnetic curves show a thin loop with low coercivity and retentivity, thereby indicating the soft behavior of spinel nano-ferrites. The effect of the substitution of non-magnetic ions on coercivity, magnetic interaction constant, permeability, and Curie temperature on Ni-Co-Zn mixed ferrite was discussed in detail. The saturation magnetization of the samples decreases with the addition of cerium, which is due to a reduction in particle size and hence a lower surface-to-volume ratio as well as spin canting phenomena. Rare earth-substituted nanocrystalline ferrites can be used in a variety of advanced technological applications such as switching devices and high-frequency devices.
Graphical Abstract
Highlights
The effect of Rare earth substitution on the structural properties of spinel ferrite was studied.
Magnetic dilution due to rare earth substitution in spinel ferrite was studied.
Cation distribution and magnetic interactions were explained.