One-hour post-load plasma glucose level predicts future type 2 diabetes in a community-based study of Hong Kong Chinese workforce

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice Vol. 212; p. 111718
• Main Authors: Ho, Jane Pui-Ying, Lau, Eric Siu-Him, Kwan O, Chun, Fan, Baoqi, Ko, Gary Tin-Choi, Kong, Alice Pik-Shan, Ma, Ronald Ching-Wan, Chow, Elaine Yee-Kwan, Chan, Juliana Chung-Ngor, Luk, Andrea On-Yan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01-06-2024
• Subjects: 1-hour plasma glucose; Adolescent; Adult; Asian People - statistics & numerical data; Blood Glucose - analysis; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Chinese; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Disease Progression; East Asian People; Fasting - blood; Female; Glucose Intolerance - blood; Glucose Intolerance - diagnosis; Glucose Intolerance - epidemiology; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hong Kong - epidemiology; Humans; Impaired fasting glucose; Impaired glucose tolerance; Intermediate hyperglycaemia; Male; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Hong Kong; Chinese; Impaired fasting glucose; Intermediate hyperglycaemia; Impaired glucose tolerance; 1-hour plasma glucose
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111718

We compared performance of high 1-hour PG level, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in predicting type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal community-based cohort of Hong Kong Chinese.
Between 2001 and 2003, 472 adults aged 18–55 years without diabetes underwent 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Between 2012 and 2014, progression to diabetes was ascertained by reviewing medical records or repeating OGTT and HbA1c. We defined high 1-hour PG as PG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L at 1-hour.
In this cohort, 23.5% had normal glucose tolerance and high 1-hour PG, 10.0% had isolated IGT, 4.2% had isolated IFG. Over 12-year follow-up, 9.3% developed type 2 diabetes. In logistic regression, high 1-hour PG was associated with progression to type 2 diabetes with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 4.20 (1.60, 12.40), independent of IFG, IGT and other clinical variables. Areas under ROC (95% CI) for type 2 diabetes were similar between 1-hour (0.84 [0.78, 0.89], 2-hour (0.79 [0.72, 0.86]) and fasting PG (0.79 [0.71, 0.86]).
High 1-hour PG identified young Chinese with 5-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes independent of other intermediate hyperglycaemia status and clinical factors. 1-hour PG is similar to fasting and 2-hour PG in predicting type 2 diabetes.