Bone metastasis in differentiated thyroid cancer: Spanish multicenter study of clinical characteristics, survival and prognostic factors

• Published in: Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Vol. 15; p. 1466245
• Main Authors: Dueñas-Disotuar, Suset, Piñar-Gutiérrez, Ana, de Lara-Rodríguez, Irene, Sastre-Marcos, Julia, Anda-Apiñániz, Emma, Oleaga-Alday, Amelia, Galofré-Ferrater, Juan Carlos, Orois-Añon, Aida, Alcázar-Lázaro, Victoria, Martínez-Guasch, Laia, Sánchez-Ragnarsson, Cecilia, Gálvez-Moreno, María Ángeles, Familiar-Casado, Cristina, Martín-Hernández, Tomás, Romero-Lluch, Ana R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A 07-11-2024
• Subjects: bone metastases; Endocrinology; multikinase inhibitors; antiresorptive agents; radioiodine; skeletal-related events; survival; thyroid cancer
• ISSN: 1664-2392; 1664-2392
• DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1466245

This study describes the characteristics, survival and prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with bone metastases (BM) from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).ObjectiveThis study describes the characteristics, survival and prognostic factors in a cohort of patients with bone metastases (BM) from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).This was a multicenter retrospective observational study conducted in Spain, including patients diagnosed with DTC and BM between 1980 and 2022. A Cox regression analysis was performed to examine prognostic factors for survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed for survival analysis and comparison between groups.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective observational study conducted in Spain, including patients diagnosed with DTC and BM between 1980 and 2022. A Cox regression analysis was performed to examine prognostic factors for survival. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests were performed for survival analysis and comparison between groups.A total of 133 patients were included with a median follow-up of 40 (17-70) months. Seventy patients (52.6%) had BM at the initial diagnosis. Fifty-two (39.1%) had follicular carcinoma. Sixty-six (49.6%) presented multiple BM. The most frequent location was the spine (63.2%). Other metastases were present at diagnosis in 88 (66.2%), mainly lung (60.9%). BM were treated with I131 in 91 (68.4%) patients, with BM uptake in 63 (47.4%). Fifty-six (42.1%) received treatment with multikinase inhibitors. Fifty-three (3.9%) had skeletal-related events. Seventy-two (54.1%) died. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival was 53.5, 39.5% and 28.5%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis were the presence of lymph node metastases (N1) HR 1.71 (95% CI 1.005-2.098; p=0.048), BM treatment with I131 HR 0.532 (95% CI 0.304-0.931; p=0.027) and age ≥67 years at BM diagnosis HR 1.991 (95% CI 1.142-3.47; p=0.015).ResultsA total of 133 patients were included with a median follow-up of 40 (17-70) months. Seventy patients (52.6%) had BM at the initial diagnosis. Fifty-two (39.1%) had follicular carcinoma. Sixty-six (49.6%) presented multiple BM. The most frequent location was the spine (63.2%). Other metastases were present at diagnosis in 88 (66.2%), mainly lung (60.9%). BM were treated with I131 in 91 (68.4%) patients, with BM uptake in 63 (47.4%). Fifty-six (42.1%) received treatment with multikinase inhibitors. Fifty-three (3.9%) had skeletal-related events. Seventy-two (54.1%) died. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival was 53.5, 39.5% and 28.5%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis were the presence of lymph node metastases (N1) HR 1.71 (95% CI 1.005-2.098; p=0.048), BM treatment with I131 HR 0.532 (95% CI 0.304-0.931; p=0.027) and age ≥67 years at BM diagnosis HR 1.991 (95% CI 1.142-3.47; p=0.015).Survival of DTC patients with BM treated in a Spanish cohort was 39.5% at 5 years and 28.5% at 10 years. Patients with BM treated with I131 appear to have a better outcome in terms of mortality and the presence of lymph node involvement and age over 67 years were associated with higher mortality.ConclusionsSurvival of DTC patients with BM treated in a Spanish cohort was 39.5% at 5 years and 28.5% at 10 years. Patients with BM treated with I131 appear to have a better outcome in terms of mortality and the presence of lymph node involvement and age over 67 years were associated with higher mortality.