Advancements, Challenges, and clinical implications of integration of metabolomics technologies in diabetic nephropathy

• Published in: Clinica chimica acta Vol. 561; p. 119842
• Main Authors: Sharma, V., Khokhar, M., Panigrahi, P., Gadwal, A., Setia, P., Purohit, P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-07-2024
• Subjects: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetic nephropathy; Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis; Diabetic Retinopathy - metabolism; Disease Progression; Early Diagnosis; End stage renal disease; Humans; Inflammation - metabolism; Metabolomics; Metabolomics - instrumentation; Metabolomics - methods; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; ESRD; Metabolomics; T2DM; DM; DN; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; APCI; MDA; TNF; S1P; FTIR; Diabetic nephropathy; ESI; UHPLC; DKD; UACR; CKD; HPLC; TAGs; 8-OHdG; eGFR; FAB; ADMA; PKC; AGEs; End stage renal disease; GC-MS; FFAs; LC-MS; NMR; BCAAs; TCA; UPLC; APPI; Biomarkers
• ISSN: 0009-8981; 1873-3492; 1873-3492
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119842

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•Metabolomics reveals potential diagnostic markers for diabetic nephropathy (DN).•Lipid metabolism in podocytes emerges as pivotal in DN.•Cinaciguat activation of NO/sGC/PKG pathway shows promise in DN.•Tryptophan levels serve as prognostic indicators for DN progression.•Integration of metabolomics enhances understanding and management of DN.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe complication of diabetes, involves a range of renal abnormalities driven by metabolic derangements. Metabolomics, revealing dynamic metabolic shifts in diseases like DN and offering insights into personalized treatment strategies, emerges as a promising tool for improved diagnostics and therapies.
We conducted an extensive literature review to examine how metabolomics contributes to the study of DN and the challenges associated with its implementation in clinical practice. We identified and assessed relevant studies that utilized metabolomics methods, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) to assess their efficacy in diagnosing DN.
Metabolomics unveils key pathways in DN progression, highlighting glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomarkers like glycated albumin and free fatty acids offer insights into DN nuances, guiding potential treatments. Metabolomics detects small-molecule metabolites, revealing disease-specific patterns for personalized care.
Metabolomics offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DN progression and holds promise for personalized medicine approaches. Further research in this field is warranted to elucidate additional metabolic pathways and identify novel biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions in DN.