A study on the ‘wordgasm’: the nature of blends’ splinters

• Published in: Lexis (Lyon, France) Vol. 14; no. 14
• Main Author: Jurado, Alejandro Barrena
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 16-12-2019
• Subjects: blend splinters; constructional morphology; constructional schemas; lexical blending; semantics; lexical blending; morphologie constructionelle; amalgamation lexicale; sémantique; modèles constructionnels; blend splinters; constructional morphology; constructional schemas; semantics; fracto-morphèmes
• DOI: 10.4000/lexis.3916
• EISSN: 1951-6215

The aim of this work is to study the nature of blends’ splinters, elements that have been often referred to as ‘final combining forms’, whose status remains unclear. Our specific objective is to analyze blends containing the element ‘-gasm’ to check tendencies in their formation. We intend to prove that the sequence ‘-gasm’ possesses a high degree of productivity and is used recurrently in the formation of new words. Through the analysis of the bases to which the splinter is attached and the study of the relationship existing between the component parts of the blends, we aim at discovering which mechanism is at work, while attempting to accommodate the operation within the theoretical framework of Construction Morphology, an approach to morphology within the overarching theory of Construction Grammar. This approach, proposed by Geert Booij, acknowledges the existence of constructions as pairings of form and meaning at word level, and thus it considers that abstractions allowing speakers to coin new complex words are based on actual instances of words that are memorized. We have compiled our own 200-sample corpus of novel English blends coined by native speakers of English and taken from a variety of sources (online corpora, websites listing neologisms, social networks, including Twitter, and even online discussion threads). For the data analysis, we proceed as follows: (i) identify the cases of hapax legomena in the corpus in order to account for the productivity of the process; (ii) recover the source words of all the blends subject to study and contextualize the items in our corpus, by providing an instance of each word in a wider context; (iii) analyze the relationships existing between the first and the second component of the novel coinages, according to different factors, such as the notion of causality and the cognitive and experiential relationship of cause and effect, the syntactic behaviour of the source words and the semantic roles fulfilled by these units; (iv) identify blends exhibiting a similar behaviour and propose constructional schemas to account for their creation. The results of our analysis show that the splinter analyzed appears to be highly productive, and that blends ending in ‘-gasm’ can belong to different groups, the most significant of which are the following: (a) cause and effect blends, in which the relationship between the source words is based on the notion of causality. Two different subsets can be identified in this group, depending on the meaning that ‘-gasm’ acquires in the resulting blend: that of physical pleasure, as in toygasm or that of a feeling of excitement or enthusiasm, as in neologasm; (b) experiencer blends, such as clowngasm, where the first participant fulfils the semantic role of an experiencer, that is, the first participant experiences the feeling of pleasure; (c) coordination blends, that is, blended words whose source words stand in a relationship of coordination, such as crygasm; (d) adjectival blends, in which the first element premodifies the feeling denoted by the second element, as in fakegasm. Based on our results, constructional morphology, and especially constructional schemas, seem to be a very appropriate tool for explaining the formation of these lexemes.