Ultra-Wideband 4-Bit Distributed Phase Shifters Using Lattice Network at K/Ka- and E/W-Band

• Published in: IEEE open journal of solid-state circuits Vol. 4; pp. 122 - 130
• Main Authors: Kwon, Sungwon, Jung, Minjae, Min, Byung-Wook
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Band theory; Bandwidths; CMOS integrated circuits; Delay lines; Extremely high frequencies; Frequency ranges; Impedance; Insertion loss; lattice network; Lattices; millimeter-wave integrated circuits; passive circuits; Phase error; Phase shifters; Phased arrays; Power consumption; Switches; Ultrawideband; Wideband
• ISSN: 2644-1349; 2644-1349
• DOI: 10.1109/OJSSCS.2024.3453777

In this article, we introduce an ultra-wideband 4-bit distributed phase shifter using a lattice network. To achieve wider bandwidth, the proposed phase shifter employed an all-pass lattice network instead of the traditional low-pass ladder network. Seven cascaded 22.5° lattice phase shifters and one switched line 180° phase shifter were used to achieve 360° phase shift range. Based on our theoretical analysis, we designed the lattice network as a constant-phase shifter rather than a delay line. Implementations in the K/Ka- and E/W-bands validate the suitability of the lattice network for constant-phase shifting. Fabricated using 28-nm bulk CMOS technology, the K/Ka-band phase shifter had a size of 0.45 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 20.5-35.5 GHz, the root-mean-square (RMS) phase error ranged from 1.6 to 5°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 28 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">11.6\pm 0 </tex-math></inline-formula>.8 dB without dc power consumption. Fabricated using 28-nm FD-SOI technology, the E/W-band phase shifter had a size of 0.3 mm2 excluding pads. Within the frequency range of 63.5-100.5 GHz, the RMS phase error ranged from 2.4 to 4.6°, the RMS gain error ranged from 0.44 to 1 dB, and the return loss remained above 10 dB. At 82 GHz, the insertion loss was <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">11.9\pm 1 </tex-math></inline-formula>.1 dB without dc power consumption. The proposed phase shifter demonstrated exceptional performance for multistandard operation, achieving low RMS phase and gain errors across a wide fractional bandwidth of 53.6% and 45.1%, respectively.