Severe Impairment of T-cell Immunity and Pulmonary GvHD Are Major Risk Factors for Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

• Published in: The Pediatric infectious disease journal Vol. 43; no. 9; pp. 885 - 888
• Main Authors: Ascunce, Marina, Coccolo, Alejandra, Mozo, Yasmina, Baquero-Artigao, Fernando, Rodriguez-Molino, Paula, Toro-Rueda, Carlos, García-Clemente, Paloma, Sánchez-Zapardiel, Elena, López-Granados, Eduardo, Corral-Sánchez, Dolores, Bueno, David, Sisinni, Luisa, Pérez-Martínez, Antonio, Calvo, Cristina, Del Rosal, Teresa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01-09-2024
• Subjects: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Infant; Male; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - immunology; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Risk Factors; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Transplantation, Homologous - adverse effects
• ISSN: 0891-3668; 1532-0987; 1532-0987
• DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004380

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients are prone to infectious complications. Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria have increased in adults but literature in children is scarce. We report 6 episodes of disseminated or pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria infection among 5 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. All but one were caused by Mycobacterium avium complex. Four patients died, 2 related to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection.