Greater Neuromuscular and Perceptual Fatigue after Low versus High Loads in the Bench Press: A Preliminary Study Applying Frequentist and Bayesian Group Analyses with Subject-by-Subject Case Series Reports
This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP). Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalize...
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| Published in: | Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 186 |
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| Abstract | This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP).
Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist (
< 0.05) and Bayesian approaches.
Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses.
In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms. |
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| AbstractList | This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP).
Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist (
< 0.05) and Bayesian approaches.
Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses.
In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms. Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP). Methods: Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist (p < 0.05) and Bayesian approaches. Results: Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses. Conclusions: In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms.Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP). Methods: Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist (p < 0.05) and Bayesian approaches. Results: Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses. Conclusions: In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms. Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP). Methods: Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist ( p < 0.05) and Bayesian approaches. Results: Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses. Conclusions: In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms. Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP). Methods: Trained males (n = 5, 21.2 ± 2.77 years; 81.86 ± 6.67 kg; 177 ± 7.52 cm) undertook three protocols with 50%RM and three with 85%RM with volume equalized between protocols: muscular failure protocols (TF, RTP1 and 2), half-maximum repetition protocols (RTP3 and 4), and cluster set protocols (RTP5 and 6). Mechanical performance, lactate, and perceptual responses were analyzed during protocols and at post 0, 24, and 48 h using frequentist (p < 0.05) and Bayesian approaches. Results: Moderate to large (ES ≥ 0.3) and trivial to moderate (ES < 0.3) effects were observed at 0 and 24 h post-session, respectively, across all protocols. TF protocols, particularly RTP1, showed the greatest impairments when compared to the other RTP (ES ≥ 0.3). The Bayesian analysis supported the frequentist results, showing strong-decisive evidence for our data under the model that included protocols as predictors for mechanical, metabolic, and perceptual variables during protocols. Inter-individual variability in responses was observed in the neuromuscular tests, potentially related to the strength level and perceptual responses. Conclusions: In summary, TF generates greater fatigue, while reducing set volume to half of maximum repetitions or including intra-set rest that helps to mitigate fatigue symptoms. |
| Author | Varela-Olalla, Daniel Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos Del Campo-Vecino, Juan |
| AuthorAffiliation | Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; daniel.varela@uam.es (D.V.-O.); juan.delcampo@uam.es (J.D.C.-V.) |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; daniel.varela@uam.es (D.V.-O.); juan.delcampo@uam.es (J.D.C.-V.) |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Daniel orcidid: 0000-0002-9524-7692 surname: Varela-Olalla fullname: Varela-Olalla, Daniel organization: Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Juan surname: Del Campo-Vecino fullname: Del Campo-Vecino, Juan organization: Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain – sequence: 3 givenname: Carlos orcidid: 0000-0002-8329-1581 surname: Balsalobre-Fernández fullname: Balsalobre-Fernández, Carlos organization: Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39449480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1113/EP085054 10.1123/ijspp.2015-0602 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.359 10.3917/anpsy1.201.0073 10.1152/physrev.00017.2022 10.1152/japplphysiol.90378.2008 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0154 10.1371/journal.pone.0013486 10.3389/fphys.2017.00329 10.1007/s00421-021-04814-1 10.1007/s40279-020-01423-4 10.3390/sports8040045 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002117 10.1371/journal.pone.0040621 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213f880 10.1113/JP283036 10.7717/peerj.10663 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002301 10.1113/JP276018 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.007 10.3758/s13423-016-1221-4 10.1080/17461391.2018.1505957 10.1097/ACM.0000000000001199 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181ac7afa 10.1186/s12888-018-1761-4 10.3389/fphys.2023.1241459 10.1177/25152459231168024 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1998.0304f.x 10.1515/hukin-2015-0118 10.7717/peerj.4523 10.1177/1523422302043007 10.1177/15459683211046257 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000929 10.3390/ijerph192114439 10.2478/hukin-2020-0011 10.31234/osf.io/h4dfe 10.1080/02640414.2014.996184 10.1152/physrev.00015.2007 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01399.x 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.06.005 10.1111/psyp.13602 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005581 10.1007/s40279-022-01754-4 10.1055/s-0031-1299699 10.1080/02701367.2020.1734521 10.3389/fphys.2019.00536 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092538 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003118 10.1007/s40279-020-01344-2 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003805 10.1080/02640414.2018.1480052 |
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| Keywords | perceptual fatigue fatigue resistance training training prescription neuromuscular fatigue |
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| Snippet | This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench press (BP).
Trained... Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench... Background/Objective: This study investigated the differences in acute fatigue following resistance training performed with low versus high loads in the bench... |
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| Title | Greater Neuromuscular and Perceptual Fatigue after Low versus High Loads in the Bench Press: A Preliminary Study Applying Frequentist and Bayesian Group Analyses with Subject-by-Subject Case Series Reports |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39449480 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3120594299 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11503448 |
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