Accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico en Antioquia, Colombia. Enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2011
Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto. Describir...
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Published in: | Infectio : revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Infectología Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 79 - 85 |
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Abstract | Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto.
Describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico.
Estudio descriptivo longitudinal.
Se describen 231 episodios de riesgo biológico. La mediana de edad fue 30 años. Un 65,8% fueron mujeres. Las principales actividades laborales fueron: auxiliares de enfermería (22,9%), aseo hospitalario (16,5%), estudiantes (14,3%), recolección de basuras (5,2%) y médicos (4,8%). El mecanismo del accidente fue: punción (77%), herida cortante (11,3%) y contacto con mucosas (9,1%). En 24% la fuente fue conocida y de estas fueron positivas para VIH un 62,5%, para VHB un 3,5% y para VHC un 5,3%. Recibieron profilaxis postexposición (PPE) un 75,8% de los 231.
Entre los expuestos a fuente VIH positiva, recibieron PPE biconjugada 85,1% y terapia triple 14,8% De los que recibieron profilaxis, 40% presentaron reacciones adversas, siendo las gastrointestinales (77,1%) y las neurológicas (45,7%) las más frecuentes. Al ingreso, un 67,1% tenían anticuerpos protectores para VHB. Durante el seguimiento se confirmó una seroconversión postexposición para VIH.
El riesgo de adquirir infecciones postexposición ocupacional es una realidad en nuestro medio; se debe hacer énfasis en estrategias de prevención de exposición, introyectar la cultura del reporte y el manejo adecuado de la profilaxis postexposición.
Occupational biohazard exposure can increase the risk of postexposure seroconversion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV). In Latin America, the literature lack of studies on this topic.
To describe the epidemiological characteristics of occupational biohazard exposure.
A descriptive, longitudinal study.
A total of 231 episodes of biological risk exposure are described. The median age was 30 years, and 65.8% were women. The major occupational activities were: nursing assistants 22.9%, hospital cleaning 16.5%, students 14.3%, garbage collection 5.2% and physicians 4.8%. The mechanisms of the accidents were: needle stick 77%, cutting wound 11.3% and contact with mucous membranes 9.1%. In 24% the source was known and of these, 62.5% were positive for HIV 3.5% for HBV and 5.3% for HCV. A total of 75.8% of the 231 received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).
In those exposed to an HIV-positive source, 85.1% received a two-drug conjugate for PPE, and 14.8% received triple therapy. Of those who received prophylaxis, 40% reported adverse events with being the most frequent the gastrointestinal (77.1%) and neurological (45.7%). At admission, 67.1% had protective antibodies to HBV. During program monitoring, HIV seroconversion was confirmed in one patient.
The risk of acquiring occupational infections postexposure is a reality in our country. This emphasizes the importance of exposure prevention strategies, introjecting the reporting culture and proper management of postexposure prophylaxis. |
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AbstractList | Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto.
Describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico.
Estudio descriptivo longitudinal.
Se describen 231 episodios de riesgo biológico. La mediana de edad fue 30 años. Un 65,8% fueron mujeres. Las principales actividades laborales fueron: auxiliares de enfermería (22,9%), aseo hospitalario (16,5%), estudiantes (14,3%), recolección de basuras (5,2%) y médicos (4,8%). El mecanismo del accidente fue: punción (77%), herida cortante (11,3%) y contacto con mucosas (9,1%). En 24% la fuente fue conocida y de estas fueron positivas para VIH un 62,5%, para VHB un 3,5% y para VHC un 5,3%. Recibieron profilaxis postexposición (PPE) un 75,8% de los 231.
Entre los expuestos a fuente VIH positiva, recibieron PPE biconjugada 85,1% y terapia triple 14,8% De los que recibieron profilaxis, 40% presentaron reacciones adversas, siendo las gastrointestinales (77,1%) y las neurológicas (45,7%) las más frecuentes. Al ingreso, un 67,1% tenían anticuerpos protectores para VHB. Durante el seguimiento se confirmó una seroconversión postexposición para VIH.
El riesgo de adquirir infecciones postexposición ocupacional es una realidad en nuestro medio; se debe hacer énfasis en estrategias de prevención de exposición, introyectar la cultura del reporte y el manejo adecuado de la profilaxis postexposición.
Occupational biohazard exposure can increase the risk of postexposure seroconversion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) and B virus (HBV). In Latin America, the literature lack of studies on this topic.
To describe the epidemiological characteristics of occupational biohazard exposure.
A descriptive, longitudinal study.
A total of 231 episodes of biological risk exposure are described. The median age was 30 years, and 65.8% were women. The major occupational activities were: nursing assistants 22.9%, hospital cleaning 16.5%, students 14.3%, garbage collection 5.2% and physicians 4.8%. The mechanisms of the accidents were: needle stick 77%, cutting wound 11.3% and contact with mucous membranes 9.1%. In 24% the source was known and of these, 62.5% were positive for HIV 3.5% for HBV and 5.3% for HCV. A total of 75.8% of the 231 received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP).
In those exposed to an HIV-positive source, 85.1% received a two-drug conjugate for PPE, and 14.8% received triple therapy. Of those who received prophylaxis, 40% reported adverse events with being the most frequent the gastrointestinal (77.1%) and neurological (45.7%). At admission, 67.1% had protective antibodies to HBV. During program monitoring, HIV seroconversion was confirmed in one patient.
The risk of acquiring occupational infections postexposure is a reality in our country. This emphasizes the importance of exposure prevention strategies, introjecting the reporting culture and proper management of postexposure prophylaxis. Antecedentes: Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y B (VHB). En la literatura latinoamericana aún faltan estudios que aporten información al respecto. Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas de los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo longitudinal. Resultados: Se describen 231 episodios de riesgo biológico. La mediana de edad fue 30 años. Un 65,8% fueron mujeres. Las principales actividades laborales fueron: auxiliares de enfermería (22,9%), aseo hospitalario (16,5%), estudiantes (14,3%), recolección de basuras (5,2%) y médicos (4,8%). El mecanismo del accidente fue: punción (77%), herida cortante (11,3%) y contacto con mucosas (9,1%). En 24% la fuente fue conocida y de estas fueron positivas para VIH un 62,5%, para VHB un 3,5% y para VHC un 5,3%. Recibieron profilaxis postexposición (PPE) un 75,8% de los 231. Entre los expuestos a fuente VIH positiva, recibieron PPE biconjugada 85,1% y terapia triple 14,8% De los que recibieron profilaxis, 40% presentaron reacciones adversas, siendo las gastrointestinales (77,1%) y las neurológicas (45,7%) las más frecuentes. Al ingreso, un 67,1% tenían anticuerpos protectores para VHB. Durante el seguimiento se confirmó una seroconversión postexposición para VIH. Conclusión: El riesgo de adquirir infecciones postexposición ocupacional es una realidad en nuestro medio; se debe hacer énfasis en estrategias de prevención de exposición, introyectar la cultura del reporte y el manejo adecuado de la profilaxis postexposición. |
Author | Monsalve, María A. Diaz Correa, Laura M. Zapata, Humberto Vélez Rivera, Juan D. Villa Franco, Juan P. Montufar Andrade, Franco E. Mejia, Melissa Madrid Muñoz, Camilo A. Montufar Pantoja, María C. Salazar Valderrama, Natalia Palacio Castaño, Viviana M. Vega Miranda, Juliana Zuleta Tobón, John J. Pérez Jaramillo, Luz E. |
AuthorAffiliation | Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias e Infecciosas (GIERI) |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Respiratorias e Infecciosas (GIERI) – name: Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe – name: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Franco E. surname: Montufar Andrade fullname: Montufar Andrade, Franco E. email: frmontufar@yahoo.com organization: Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 2 givenname: Camilo A. surname: Madrid Muñoz fullname: Madrid Muñoz, Camilo A. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 3 givenname: Juan P. surname: Villa Franco fullname: Villa Franco, Juan P. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 4 givenname: Laura M. surname: Diaz Correa fullname: Diaz Correa, Laura M. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 5 givenname: Juliana surname: Vega Miranda fullname: Vega Miranda, Juliana organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 6 givenname: Juan D. surname: Vélez Rivera fullname: Vélez Rivera, Juan D. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 7 givenname: Viviana M. surname: Palacio Castaño fullname: Palacio Castaño, Viviana M. organization: Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 8 givenname: John J. surname: Zuleta Tobón fullname: Zuleta Tobón, John J. organization: Unidad de Investigación de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 9 givenname: María C. surname: Montufar Pantoja fullname: Montufar Pantoja, María C. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 10 givenname: Natalia surname: Salazar Valderrama fullname: Salazar Valderrama, Natalia organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 11 givenname: Luz E. surname: Pérez Jaramillo fullname: Pérez Jaramillo, Luz E. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 12 givenname: María A. surname: Monsalve fullname: Monsalve, María A. organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 13 givenname: Humberto surname: Zapata fullname: Zapata, Humberto organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia – sequence: 14 givenname: Melissa surname: Mejia fullname: Mejia, Melissa organization: Medicina Interna, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia |
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Keywords | Profilaxis postexposición Post-exposure prophylaxis Human immunodeficiency virus infections Riesgos laborales Infecciones por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana Occupational risks |
Language | Portuguese Spanish |
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The risk of occupational human immunodeficiency virus infection in health care workers publication-title: Arch Intern Med contributor: fullname: Ippolito, G; Puro, V; de Carli, G – volume: 6 start-page: 90 year: 2011 end-page: 101 article-title: Caracterización del accidente con riesgo biológico en estudiantes de pregrado en facultades de salud en una institución de educación superior de Bogotá 2009 publication-title: Rev Colomb Enferm contributor: fullname: Galindo, EB; Ruiz, C; Sanchez, NA; Cabal, E; Pardo, MI; Rosselli, JM – volume: 102 start-page: 39 issue: 5B year: 1997 end-page: 44 article-title: Animal studies of prophylaxis publication-title: Am J Med contributor: fullname: Black, RJ – volume: 51 start-page: 47 issue: 1 year: 2009 end-page: 53 article-title: The structure and outcomes of a HIV postexposure prophylaxis program in a high HIV prevalence setup in western Kenya publication-title: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr contributor: fullname: Siika, AM; Nyandiko, WM; Mwangi, A; Waxman, M; Sidle, JE; Kimaiyo, SN – volume: 97 start-page: 367 issue: 3 year: 1982 end-page: 9 article-title: Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigenpositive inoculations: Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity publication-title: Ann Intern Med contributor: fullname: Werner, BG; Grady, GF – volume: 102 start-page: 58 issue: 5B year: 1997 end-page: 62 article-title: Zidovudine toxicity in uninfected healthcare workers: Italian Registry of Antiretroviral Prophylaxis publication-title: Am J Med contributor: fullname: Ippolito, G; Puro, V – volume: 22 start-page: 289 issue: 5 year: 2001 end-page: 93 article-title: Emergency department management of occupational exposures: cost analysis of rapid HIV test publication-title: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol contributor: fullname: Kallenborn, JC; Price, TG; Carrico, R; Davidson, AB – volume: 102 5 start-page: 9 year: 1997 end-page: 15 article-title: Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in healthcare workers: An overview publication-title: Am J Med contributor: fullname: Bell, DM – volume: 270 start-page: 1197 issue: 5239 year: 1995 end-page: 9 article-title: Prevention of SIV infection in macaques by (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine publication-title: Science contributor: fullname: Tsai, CC; Follis, KE; Sabo, A; Beck, TW; Grant, RF; Bischofberger, N – volume: 156 start-page: 37 issue: 1 Pt 1 year: 2012 end-page: 40 article-title: Distinguishing case series from cohort studies publication-title: Ann Intern Med contributor: fullname: Dekkers, OM; Egger, M; Altman, DG; Vandenbroucke, JP – volume: 337 start-page: 1485 issue: 21 year: 1997 end-page: 90 article-title: A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group publication-title: N Engl J Med contributor: fullname: Cardo, DM; Culver, DH; Ciesielski, CA; Srivastava, PU; Marcus, R; Abiteboul, D – volume: 11 start-page: 157 issue: 2 year: 1997 end-page: 62 article-title: Prevention of simian immunodeficiency virus: SIVsm, or HIV-2 infection in cynomolgus monkeys by pre- and postexposure administration of BEA-005 publication-title: AIDS contributor: fullname: Böttiger, D; Johansson, NG; Samuelsson, B; Zhang, H; Putkonen, P; Vrang, L – volume: 50 start-page: 1 issue: RR-11 year: 2001 end-page: 52 article-title: Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of occupational exposures to, H.B.V., H.C.V., and, HIV., and recommendations for postexposure, prophylaxis publication-title: MMWR Recomm Rep – volume: 34 start-page: 875 year: 2013 end-page: 92 article-title: Updated US Public Health Service Guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis publication-title: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol contributor: fullname: Kuhar, DT; Henderson, DK; Struble, KA; Heneine, W; Thomas, V; Cheever, LW – volume: 35 start-page: 91 issue: 2 year: 1995 end-page: 7 article-title: Time course of detection of viral and serologic markers preceding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion: Implications for screening of blood and tissue donors publication-title: Transfusion contributor: fullname: Busch, MP; Lee, LL; Satten, GA; Henrard, DR; Farzadegan, H; Nelson, KE |
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Snippet | Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y... Antecedentes: Los accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico tienen como mayor riesgo postexposición la seroconversión para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia... |
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SubjectTerms | Human immunodeficiency virus infections Infecciones por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana INFECTIOUS DISEASES Occupational risks Post-exposure prophylaxis Profilaxis postexposición Riesgos laborales |
Title | Accidentes ocupacionales de riesgo biológico en Antioquia, Colombia. Enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2011 |
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