Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO VA) as part of a multimodal approach for the protection of spinal cord ischemia in surgical repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm

Spinal cord ischaemia leading to paraplegia or paraparesis is one of the most devastating complications of aortic surgery. The risk of ischaemia is particularly high in repairs involving both the thoracic and abdominal segments, because in these cases blood flow to the spinal arteries can be interru...

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Published in:Revista española de anestesiología y reanimación (English ed.) Vol. 71; no. 9; pp. 692 - 696
Main Authors: Fernández-Suárez, F.E., López-González, J.M., Fernández-Vallina, C.M., Cueva-Carril, V., Jiménez Gómez, B.M., García-Menéndez, J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-11-2024
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Summary:Spinal cord ischaemia leading to paraplegia or paraparesis is one of the most devastating complications of aortic surgery. The risk of ischaemia is particularly high in repairs involving both the thoracic and abdominal segments, because in these cases blood flow to the spinal arteries can be interrupted. Multimodal protocols have now been developed to reduce the incidence of this complication, and include measures such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, avoidance of hypotension and anaemia, systemic hypothermia, neuromonitoring, maintaining distal perfusion during proximal clamping of the aorta, and reimplantation of intercostal or lumbar arteries, whenever feasible. We describe a case in which, due to the special characteristics of the surgery, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) was used to maintain distal blood flow in the lumbar, inferior mesenteric, and hypogastric arteries during aortic clamping. This approach reduced the risk of spinal cord and visceral ischaemia, and also eliminated the need for thoracotomy because partial left bypass was not required. La isquemia medular, con la consiguiente paraplejia o paraparesia es una de las complicaciones más devastadoras que puede ocurrir en procedimientos quirúrgicos sobre la aorta, especialmente cuando incluyen tanto segmentos torácicos como abdominales, afectando a la suplencia de sangre a las arterias espinales. Existen protocolos multimodales para intentar reducir la incidencia de esta complicación que incluyen medidas como el drenaje de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), evitar la hipotensión y la anemia, hipotermia sistémica, neuromonitorización, mantenimiento de la perfusión distal durante el clampaje proximal de la aorta y si es posible reimplante de arterias intercostales o lumbares. Presentamos un caso donde debido a sus peculiaridades quirúrgicas se decidió utilizar un sistema de oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea veno-arterial (ECMO VA), para mantener el aporte sanguíneo distal por las arterias lumbares, mesentérica inferior e hipogástricas durante el clampaje aórtico, disminuyendo el riesgo de isquemia medular y visceral y evitando por otra parte realizar una toracotomía que sería necesaria en el caso de utilizar un by-pass izquierdo parcial
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ISSN:2341-1929
2341-1929
DOI:10.1016/j.redare.2024.02.023