Health inequalities -development of a monitoring system in Finland

• Published in: European journal of public health Vol. 31; no. Supplement_3
• Main Authors: Jokela, S, Kilpeläinen, K, Parikka, S, Lumme, S, Martelin, T, Koponen, P, Koskinen, S, Rotko, T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Oxford University Press 20-10-2021; Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subjects: Data quality; Education; Educational inequality; Fairness; Health disparities; Income; Indicators; Inequalities; Information; Monitoring; Monitoring systems; Morbidity; Occupational status; Older people; Policy making; Polls & surveys; Population; Public health; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Social factors; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomics; Finland
• ISSN: 1101-1262; 1464-360X
• DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.212

Background
Health in Finland has developed positively in recent decades, but there are still large differences between population groups. Wide inequalities persist between socio-economic groups, for example by education, occupational status and income, in different domains of health such as self-reported health, morbidity, and mortality. Our aim in the sub-project of the Joint Action Health Equity Europe was to describe the status of national health inequality monitoring in Finland, and to present ideas for improving the situation, including the key indicators to be monitored.
Methods
Several nationally representative registers and population surveys are the key sources of health information in Finland. We summarized information on the current state of socioeconomic health inequalities and their development over the past decades to identify research based health topics and indicators, selecting those where clear differences have been identified between education or income groups among the working-aged people.
Results
We recommend 13 indicators to monitor and evaluate socio-economic health inequalities in the Finnish adult population. They cover five topics: health status, functioning, work ability, lifestyles and social factors. The recommended indicators are in line with the Nordic recommendation of inequality indicators and allow comparison between EU countries. This is the first step in developing a full monitoring system. The second step is needed to reach an agreement on the implementation.
Conclusions
High-quality population survey and register data make it possible to monitor health inequalities in Finland. Register-based data need to be supplemented with population surveys, both health interview and health examination surveys, to provide necessary information on risk factors, functioning and perceived health.
Key messages
The key characteristics of successful systematic monitoring of health inequalities are regularity, up-to-date information, validity of selected indicators and coverage of the most important phenomena.
Monitoring enables identification of health needs which must be recognized in policy-making, targeting of services, regional benchmarking and support for health impact assessment in policy-making.