Clinical and genetic differences between heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients with and without type 2 diabetes

The lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) could explain why T2DM has not always been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different familial hypercholesterolemia cohort studies. The...

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Published in:Revista española de cardiología (English ed.) Vol. 73; no. 9; pp. 718 - 724
Main Authors: Climent, Elisenda, Pérez-Calahorra, Sofía, Benaiges, David, Pintó, Xavier, Suárez-Tembra, Manuel, Plana, Nuria, Sánchez-Hernández, Rosa M., Valdivielso, Pedro, Ascaso, Juan F., Pedro-Botet, Juan
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Spain Elsevier España, S.L.U 01-09-2020
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Summary:The lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) could explain why T2DM has not always been identified as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different familial hypercholesterolemia cohort studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical and genetic aspects of HeFH patients with T2DM in the dyslipidemia registry of the Spanish Arteriosclerosis Society. HeFH patients were classified according to the presence or absence of T2DM. The clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of the 2 groups were compared. Of the 2301 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia included in the registry, 1724 with a probable or definite diagnosis according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score were finally included. HeFH patients with T2DM had a higher rate of CVD and a less favorable lipid profile, with higher total cholesterol (366.9±86.7mg/dL vs 342.0±74.7mg/dL; mean difference 24.894; 95%CI, 5.840-43.949) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (316.9±87.8mg/dL vs 286.4±75.4mg/dL; mean difference 30.500; 95%CI, 11.211-49.790) levels. No significant differences were found between the groups concerning the specific type of HeFH-causing mutation (P=.720). After adjustment for major risk factors, logistic regression analysis confirmed a relationship between T2DM and the presence of CVD (OR, 2.01; 95%CI, 1.18-3.43; P=.010). HeFH patients with T2DM have a higher rate of CVD and a less favorable lipid profile, regardless of genetic mutation type. In these patients, T2DM is associated with the presence of CVD. La menor prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia familiar heterocigota (HFHe) podría explicar por qué la DM2 no siempre se ha descrito como un predictor de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en estos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los aspectos clínicos y genéticos de pacientes con HFHe y DM2 del registro de dislipidemias de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Los pacientes con HFHe se clasificaron según la presencia/ausencia de DM2. Se compararon las características clínicas, bioquímicas y genéticas de ambos grupos. De los 2.301 casos de hipercolesterolemia primaria del registro, se incluyeron 1.724 casos con el diagnóstico cierto o probable según la Dutch Lipid Clinic Network para la hipercolesterolemia familiar. Los pacientes con HFHe y DM2 presentaron una tasa más elevada de ECV y un perfil lipídico menos favorable, con niveles más elevados de colesterol total (366,9±86,7 mg/dl frente a 342,0±74,7 mg/dl; diferencia media 24,894; IC95%, 5,840-43,949) y colesterol no-unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (316,9±87,8 mg/dl frente a 286,4±75,4 mg/dl; diferencia media 30,500; IC95%, 11,211-49,790). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos con respecto al tipo de mutación (p=0,720). Después de ajustar por los principales factores de riesgo, el análisis de regresión logística confirmó una relación entre la DM2 y la ECV (OR=2,01; IC95%, 1,18-3,43; p=0,010). Los pacientes con HFHe y DM2 presentan una tasa más elevada de ECV y un perfil lipídico menos favorable, independientemente del tipo de mutación. La diabetes mellitus es un factor asociado a la presencia de ECV en estos pacientes.
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ISSN:1885-5857
1885-5857
DOI:10.1016/j.rec.2019.09.001