P313 A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 - associated Mucormycosis in a tertiary care center in Northern India

• Published in: Medical mycology (Oxford) Vol. 60; no. Supplement_1
• Main Authors: Yadav, Sukriti, Bora, Ishani, Mohi, Gursimran Kaur, Shivaprakash, M R, Singh, Mini P, Ratho, R K, Muralidharan, Manjul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University Press 20-09-2022
• Subjects: Oral Presentations
• ISSN: 1369-3786; 1460-2709
• DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac072.P313

Abstract
Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM

Objectives
Methods
This is a retrospective observational study with (n = 433) samples. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from clinically suspected cases of mucormycosis. These were then subjected to Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test. Those samples which tested positive were included in this study. A history sheet form was designed and filled up for 238 patients who were admitted and could be traced properly.
Results
Total number of SARS CoV-2 positive samples was 296 out of 433 samples. Among the tested 66% (287/433) were male and 34% (146/433) were female. Relative positivity was higher among women 74% (107/144) than men 66% (189/285). Amongst 238 admitted patients, 83.1% patients (198/238) completed treatment and were discharged while 13.9% (33/238) succumbed during management. Diabetes was found to be most common risk factor at 88.65% (211/238) followed by hypertension 36.5% (87/238), and corticosteroid use 26.89% (64/238). Type 2 DM was the most frequent with 96% (203/211) and only 4% (8/211) patients having Type 1 DM. Amongst the diabetics, 74.8% (158/211) were on medication (oral hypoglycemic agent/insulin/both), and 16.6% (35/158) of them were non-compliant to treatment. Most common clinical presentation was facial swelling 66.8% (159/238) followed by facial pain 52.52% (125/238) and headache 34.45% (82/238). Microscopy findings either nasal or palatal scraping was positive in 69.75% (166/238) cases with aseptate hyphae in 95% (157/166) patients while septate hyphae were seen in 3% (5/166). Both aseptate and septate hyphae were present in 2% (4/166 patients).
Amongst the deceased patients 91% (30/33) had diabetes mellitus exclusively of Type 2 and among them, 33% (10/30) were not on any anti-diabetic medication. It was also observed that among the deceased people who were on anti-diabetic medication, 45% (9/20) were non-compliant to the treatment. Combinedly 63.33% (19/30) diabetics were on inadequate blood sugar level control which might be strongly contributing to mortality.
Conclusion
Percentage of clinically suspected mucor patients who were COVID-19 positive was 67%. Although male patients were twice more tested than females but females were proportionately more positive for SARS-CoV2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was the lead risk factor, with facial swelling being the predominant presentation. Interestingly, fungal smear was positive in 166 out of 238 patients. Despite the best management, the mortality rate was 13.86% in such patients. It was also seen that untreated or non-compliance to anti-diabetic treatment resulted in increased mortality. Hence, it's necessary to review cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis for prompt management and to reduce morbidities and mortality.