Les intoxications à l'hydrogène sulfuré: à propos de deux cas

L'hydrogène sulfuré est un gaz toxique rencontré en milieu industriel et en ambiance de ≪ décomposition ≫. Sa toxicité est double et dépend du temps d'exposition et de la concentration atmosphérique. D'abord irritant pour les muqueuses oculaires et les voies aériennes supérieures, il...

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Published in:Urgences médicales (Paris) Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 29 - 35
Main Authors: Millot, E, Compagnon, F, Bouvet, F
Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
Language:French
Published: Paris Elsevier B.V 1995
Elsevier
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Abstract L'hydrogène sulfuré est un gaz toxique rencontré en milieu industriel et en ambiance de ≪ décomposition ≫. Sa toxicité est double et dépend du temps d'exposition et de la concentration atmosphérique. D'abord irritant pour les muqueuses oculaires et les voies aériennes supérieures, il devient asphyxiant à plus forte dose, occasionnant des lésions, essentiellement au niveau du système nerveux central et des poumons. L'effet asphyxiant est lié à une inhibition de la cytochrome aa3 oxydase mitochondriale, enzyme indispensable au métabolisme aérobie. La prise en charge de ce type d'intoxication nécessite une extraction rapide du milieu, ainsi que la mise en route immédiate du traitement symptomatique. Actuellement, il n'existe pas de réel antidote. Les deux techniques ayant montré une efficacité sont les inducteurs de méthémoglobinémie (nitrites) et l'oxygénothérapie hyperbare. Des études complémentaires s'avèrent nécessaires afin de mettre en évidence des thérapeutiques spécifiques de cette intoxication. Hydrogen sulfide is an industrial toxic gaz. It is both an irritant, principally on eyes membranes and respiratory tract, and chemical asphyxiant at higher concentration resulting in central nervous system and pulmonary injuries. The asphyxial effect is due to an inhibition of intramitochondrial cytochrome aa3. The management of this poisoning requires immediate transportation to fresh air and full cardiopulmonary resuscitatio. Actually, there is no real antidotes. Two techniques had proved efficient: the methemoglobin (nitrites) and hyperbaric oxygen. Additionals studies are necessary to make out new therapeutics really specific to this poisoning.
AbstractList L'hydrogène sulfuré est un gaz toxique rencontré en milieu industriel et en ambiance de ≪ décomposition ≫. Sa toxicité est double et dépend du temps d'exposition et de la concentration atmosphérique. D'abord irritant pour les muqueuses oculaires et les voies aériennes supérieures, il devient asphyxiant à plus forte dose, occasionnant des lésions, essentiellement au niveau du système nerveux central et des poumons. L'effet asphyxiant est lié à une inhibition de la cytochrome aa3 oxydase mitochondriale, enzyme indispensable au métabolisme aérobie. La prise en charge de ce type d'intoxication nécessite une extraction rapide du milieu, ainsi que la mise en route immédiate du traitement symptomatique. Actuellement, il n'existe pas de réel antidote. Les deux techniques ayant montré une efficacité sont les inducteurs de méthémoglobinémie (nitrites) et l'oxygénothérapie hyperbare. Des études complémentaires s'avèrent nécessaires afin de mettre en évidence des thérapeutiques spécifiques de cette intoxication. Hydrogen sulfide is an industrial toxic gaz. It is both an irritant, principally on eyes membranes and respiratory tract, and chemical asphyxiant at higher concentration resulting in central nervous system and pulmonary injuries. The asphyxial effect is due to an inhibition of intramitochondrial cytochrome aa3. The management of this poisoning requires immediate transportation to fresh air and full cardiopulmonary resuscitatio. Actually, there is no real antidotes. Two techniques had proved efficient: the methemoglobin (nitrites) and hyperbaric oxygen. Additionals studies are necessary to make out new therapeutics really specific to this poisoning.
Author Bouvet, F
Millot, E
Compagnon, F
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Cites_doi 10.1007/BF00316435
10.3109/10408448409029321
10.1016/S0196-0644(86)80383-3
10.1093/annhyg/34.3.323
10.1097/00043764-198505000-00018
10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545
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DocumentTitleAlternate Sulfide hydrogen poisoning: about two cases
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Issue 1
Keywords toxicology
nitrite
hydrogen sulfide
antidote
toxicologie
hydrogène sulfuré
oxygénothérapie
oxygen therapy
Unité soin intensif
Traitement
Homme
Oxygénothérapie hyperbare
Appareil respiratoire pathologie
Etude cas
Intoxication
Nitrite
Antidote
Hydrogène sulfuré
Language French
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Reiffenstein (10.1016/0923-2524(96)80608-4_bib7) 1992; 32
Stine (10.1016/0923-2524(96)80608-4_bib11) 1985; 27
Arnold (10.1016/0923-2524(96)80608-4_bib4) 1985; 27
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Warenycia (10.1016/0923-2524(96)80608-4_bib9) 1989; 63
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Snippet L'hydrogène sulfuré est un gaz toxique rencontré en milieu industriel et en ambiance de ≪ décomposition ≫. Sa toxicité est double et dépend du temps...
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SubjectTerms Anesthesie. Reanimation. Transfusion. Therapie cellulaire et therapie genique
antidote
hydrogen sulfide
hydrogène sulfuré
nitrite
oxygen therapy
oxygénothérapie
Réanimation. Soins intensifs
Réanimation: comas et maladies neurologiques
Sciences biologiques et medicales
Sciences medicales
toxicologie
toxicology
Title Les intoxications à l'hydrogène sulfuré: à propos de deux cas
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2524(96)80608-4
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