Distribuição espacial e características clínico epidemiológicas dos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda grave por covid-19 no Brasil: estudo das duas primeiras ondas

The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 etiological agent, has been established as a challenge for health systems and can present as Flu Syndrome (FS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This work was aimed at describing the clinical epidemiological profile of SARS cases due to COVID...

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Published in:Medicina (Sao Paulo. 197?) Vol. 57; no. 1
Main Authors: Silva, Janiel Conceição da, Brito, Paula dos Santos, Sousa, Giana Gislanne da Silva de, Bezerra, Janaína Miranda, Pascoal, Lívia Maia, Costa, Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus, Santos, Floriacy Stabnow, Santos Neto, Marcelino
Format: Journal Article
Language:Portuguese
Published: 08-10-2024
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Abstract The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 etiological agent, has been established as a challenge for health systems and can present as Flu Syndrome (FS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This work was aimed at describing the clinical epidemiological profile of SARS cases due to COVID-19 and the spatial distribution of the incidence among the Federative Units of Brazil (FU) in the first two waves. This is a descriptive and ecological study, with the FU as settings. The data collected are related to SARS cases due to COVID-19, with a time frame between March 2020 and June 2021. The sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables were selected with their respective absolute and relative values. The spatial distribution of incidence was determined to identify the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the first two waves. A total of 613,324 SARS cases due to COVID-19 were reported, most were related to males, aged>60 years, typified as non-nosocomial and with a healing outcome; signs and symptoms were: cough,fever, dyspnea, and at least presence of one comorbidity. The average incidence in the countrywas 286.85 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while the Moran Index showed statistical significance I=0.329 (p value<0.001), with global spatial autocorrelation of the incidence in the second wave. The distribution was heterogeneous. These results constitute subsidies for management in health systems and services regarding the strategic implementation for the control and clinical management of this disease. A doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) se consolidou como um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde, podendo manifestar-se como Síndrome Gripal (SG) ou Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de SRAG por COVID-19 e a distribuição espacial da incidência entre as Unidades Federativas (UFs) do Brasil durante as duas primeiras ondas da pandemia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e ecológico, com foco nas UFs do Brasil, utilizando dados de casos de SRAG por COVID- 19 registrados entre março de 2020 e junho de 2021. As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico- epidemiológicas foram analisadas em termos de valores absolutos e relativos. A distribuição espacial da incidência foi determinada para identificar a presença de autocorrelação espacial nas duas ondas. Foram notificados 613.324 casos de SRAG por COVID-19, predominando o sexo masculino, idade superior a 60 anos, casos não nosocomiais e alta. Os sinais e sintomas mais comuns incluíram tosse, febre, dispneia e a presença de pelo menos uma comorbidade. A incidência média no país foi de 286,85 casos por 100 mil habitantes, com um Índice de Moran com significância estatística (I=0,329, p<0,001) para autocorrelação espacial global da incidência na segunda onda. A distribuição dos casos foi heterogênea. Os resultados fornecem subsídios para a gestão e os serviços de saúde, no que tange à implementação de estratégias para o controle e manejo clínico da doença.
AbstractList The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the COVID-19 etiological agent, has been established as a challenge for health systems and can present as Flu Syndrome (FS) or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This work was aimed at describing the clinical epidemiological profile of SARS cases due to COVID-19 and the spatial distribution of the incidence among the Federative Units of Brazil (FU) in the first two waves. This is a descriptive and ecological study, with the FU as settings. The data collected are related to SARS cases due to COVID-19, with a time frame between March 2020 and June 2021. The sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological variables were selected with their respective absolute and relative values. The spatial distribution of incidence was determined to identify the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the first two waves. A total of 613,324 SARS cases due to COVID-19 were reported, most were related to males, aged>60 years, typified as non-nosocomial and with a healing outcome; signs and symptoms were: cough,fever, dyspnea, and at least presence of one comorbidity. The average incidence in the countrywas 286.85 cases/100,000 inhabitants, while the Moran Index showed statistical significance I=0.329 (p value<0.001), with global spatial autocorrelation of the incidence in the second wave. The distribution was heterogeneous. These results constitute subsidies for management in health systems and services regarding the strategic implementation for the control and clinical management of this disease. A doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) se consolidou como um grande desafio para os sistemas de saúde, podendo manifestar-se como Síndrome Gripal (SG) ou Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos casos de SRAG por COVID-19 e a distribuição espacial da incidência entre as Unidades Federativas (UFs) do Brasil durante as duas primeiras ondas da pandemia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e ecológico, com foco nas UFs do Brasil, utilizando dados de casos de SRAG por COVID- 19 registrados entre março de 2020 e junho de 2021. As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínico- epidemiológicas foram analisadas em termos de valores absolutos e relativos. A distribuição espacial da incidência foi determinada para identificar a presença de autocorrelação espacial nas duas ondas. Foram notificados 613.324 casos de SRAG por COVID-19, predominando o sexo masculino, idade superior a 60 anos, casos não nosocomiais e alta. Os sinais e sintomas mais comuns incluíram tosse, febre, dispneia e a presença de pelo menos uma comorbidade. A incidência média no país foi de 286,85 casos por 100 mil habitantes, com um Índice de Moran com significância estatística (I=0,329, p<0,001) para autocorrelação espacial global da incidência na segunda onda. A distribuição dos casos foi heterogênea. Os resultados fornecem subsídios para a gestão e os serviços de saúde, no que tange à implementação de estratégias para o controle e manejo clínico da doença.
Author Pascoal, Lívia Maia
Santos, Floriacy Stabnow
Santos Neto, Marcelino
Silva, Janiel Conceição da
Sousa, Giana Gislanne da Silva de
Brito, Paula dos Santos
Costa, Ana Cristina Pereira de Jesus
Bezerra, Janaína Miranda
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