Préserver les herbiers de zostères face aux mouillages sauvages : la difficile construction d’une politique environnementale sur l’île de Ré
Cet article s’appuie sur une étude menée en 2019 à l’île de Ré concernant les mouillages sauvages sur les herbiers de zostères, habitat protégé depuis 1992, relevant de la “Directive Habitats”. L’épineuse question des mouillages sauvages sur l’île est relancée par le prisme des dégradations qu’ils e...
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Published in: | VertigO : la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement Vol. 22-1; no. 1 |
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01-04-2022
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Abstract | Cet article s’appuie sur une étude menée en 2019 à l’île de Ré concernant les mouillages sauvages sur les herbiers de zostères, habitat protégé depuis 1992, relevant de la “Directive Habitats”. L’épineuse question des mouillages sauvages sur l’île est relancée par le prisme des dégradations qu’ils engendrent sur les herbiers de zostères. Dans le contexte du littoral charentais et plus particulièrement de l'île de Ré, l’article tente d’expliquer, à partir de deux études de cas à Loix et Rivedoux, le processus de construction d’une politique environnementale visant à réguler l’impact des mouillages sur les herbiers de zostères. Il se place au carrefour d’enjeux politiques, environnementaux et économiques qui mobilisent des acteurs hétérogènes à différentes échelles décisionnelles. Sa mise à l’agenda et la proposition de solutions locales par la mise en place de Zones de Mouillages et d’équipements Légers (ZMEL) ne se déroulent pas sans heurts : ils suscitent controverses et blocages des différentes parties prenantes (plaisanciers, élus et services déconcentrés de l’État) qui ne peuvent être appréhendés qu’en considérant le contexte socio-historique du territoire. La difficile émergence de cette politique environnementale est appréhendée à l’aune de l'interaction des réformes administratives successives - transformant l’organisation et les prérogatives des services de l’État -, des représentations plaisanciers, du cadre encore flou de la gouvernance des herbiers, et des jeux politiques locaux accompagnés de leurs rapports de pouvoir.
This article is based on a study carried out in 2019 on the island of Ré concerning illegal mooring on eelgrass beds, a habitat that has been preserved since 1992 by the “Habitat Directive”. The thorny issue of illegal mooring on the island has been revived through the issue of the damages it causes to eelgrass beds. In the context of the Charente coastline, and more particularly the Ré island, the article analyses the construction process of an environmental policy to regulate the mooring impact on eelgrass beds. This process crosses political, environmental and economic issues mobilising heterogeneous actors at different decision-making levels. The agenda setting and local policy making - by setting up light dedicated Mooring Zones (french « Zones de Mouillages et d’équipements Légers » (ZMEL)) - are conflicting. It gives rise to controversy and blockages by the various stakeholders (sailors, locally elected representatives and decentralized State departments) which can only be understood by considering the socio-historical context of the area. The difficult emergence of this environmental policy is highlighted by the interaction of successive administrative reforms - transforming the organization and prerogatives of decentralized State departments -, the representations of sailors, the fuzzy governance frame of the eelgrass beds, and local political games and its power relations. |
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AbstractList | This article is based on a study carried out in 2019 on the island of Ré concerning illegal mooring on eelgrass beds, a habitat that has been preserved since 1992 by the “Habitat Directive”. The thorny issue of illegal mooring on the island has been revived through the issue of the damages it causes to eelgrass beds. In the context of the Charente coastline, and more particularly the Ré island, the article analyses the construction process of an environmental policy to regulate the mooring impact on eelgrass beds. This process crosses political, environmental and economic issues mobilising heterogeneous actors at different decision-making levels. The agenda setting and local policy making - by setting up light dedicated Mooring Zones (french « Zones de Mouillages et d’équipements Légers » (ZMEL)) - are conflicting. It gives rise to controversy and blockages by the various stakeholders (sailors, locally elected representatives and decentralized State departments) which can only be understood by considering the socio-historical context of the area. The difficult emergence of this environmental policy is highlighted by the interaction of successive administrative reforms - transforming the organization and prerogatives of decentralized State departments -, the representations of sailors, the fuzzy governance frame of the eelgrass beds, and local political games and its power relations. Cet article s’appuie sur une étude menée en 2019 à l’île de Ré concernant les mouillages sauvages sur les herbiers de zostères, habitat protégé depuis 1992, relevant de la “Directive Habitats”. L’épineuse question des mouillages sauvages sur l’île est relancée par le prisme des dégradations qu’ils engendrent sur les herbiers de zostères. Dans le contexte du littoral charentais et plus particulièrement de l'île de Ré, l’article tente d’expliquer, à partir de deux études de cas à Loix et Rivedoux, le processus de construction d’une politique environnementale visant à réguler l’impact des mouillages sur les herbiers de zostères. Il se place au carrefour d’enjeux politiques, environnementaux et économiques qui mobilisent des acteurs hétérogènes à différentes échelles décisionnelles. Sa mise à l’agenda et la proposition de solutions locales par la mise en place de Zones de Mouillages et d’équipements Légers (ZMEL) ne se déroulent pas sans heurts : ils suscitent controverses et blocages des différentes parties prenantes (plaisanciers, élus et services déconcentrés de l’État) qui ne peuvent être appréhendés qu’en considérant le contexte socio-historique du territoire. La difficile émergence de cette politique environnementale est appréhendée à l’aune de l'interaction des réformes administratives successives - transformant l’organisation et les prérogatives des services de l’État -, des représentations plaisanciers, du cadre encore flou de la gouvernance des herbiers, et des jeux politiques locaux accompagnés de leurs rapports de pouvoir. This article is based on a study carried out in 2019 on the island of Ré concerning illegal mooring on eelgrass beds, a habitat that has been preserved since 1992 by the “Habitat Directive”. The thorny issue of illegal mooring on the island has been revived through the issue of the damages it causes to eelgrass beds. In the context of the Charente coastline, and more particularly the Ré island, the article analyses the construction process of an environmental policy to regulate the mooring impact on eelgrass beds. This process crosses political, environmental and economic issues mobilising heterogeneous actors at different decision-making levels. The agenda setting and local policy making - by setting up light dedicated Mooring Zones (french « Zones de Mouillages et d’équipements Légers » (ZMEL)) - are conflicting. It gives rise to controversy and blockages by the various stakeholders (sailors, locally elected representatives and decentralized State departments) which can only be understood by considering the socio-historical context of the area. The difficult emergence of this environmental policy is highlighted by the interaction of successive administrative reforms - transforming the organization and prerogatives of decentralized State departments -, the representations of sailors, the fuzzy governance frame of the eelgrass beds, and local political games and its power relations. |
Author | Rufin-Soler, Caroline Audouit, Christelle Cardinal, Jérôme |
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Title | Préserver les herbiers de zostères face aux mouillages sauvages : la difficile construction d’une politique environnementale sur l’île de Ré |
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