Raciocínio condicional: a conclusão depende do conhecimento armazenado na memória

Exemplos alternativos armazenados na memória são fundamentais para a correta interpretação da proposição condicional "Se P, então Q". Esse artigo propõe que a força associativa e o tamanho da categoria semântica têm um papel crítico na ativação de modelos alternativos envolvidos neste tipo...

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Published in:Estudos de psicologia (Natal, Brazil) Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 53 - 61
Main Authors: Castilho, Goiara Mendonça de, Janczura, Gerson Américo
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: 01-04-2012
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Abstract Exemplos alternativos armazenados na memória são fundamentais para a correta interpretação da proposição condicional "Se P, então Q". Esse artigo propõe que a força associativa e o tamanho da categoria semântica têm um papel crítico na ativação de modelos alternativos envolvidos neste tipo de raciocínio. Adicionalmente, quanto mais modelos alternativos, justificados em função do tipo de inferência, maior a dificuldade da tarefa, dada a sobrecarga de informação na memória de trabalho. Dois Experimentos testaram essas hipóteses, sendo que os resultados do Experimento 1 confirmaram efeitos significativos da força associativa, tamanho da categoria, tipo de inferência e interação entre fatores. O Experimento 2 evidenciou que os efeitos de força associativa são contextos-dependentes devido à redução do campo semântico. Esses achados são consistentes com a hipótese de que o conhecimento armazenado na memória tem um papel importante no raciocínio condicional. Alternative examples stored in memory are fundamental for the correct interpretation of the conditional proposition "If P, then Q". This paper proposes that associative strength and set size of semantic categories have a critical role in activation of alternative models. Also, the more the number of alternative models generated as a function of inference type, the greater the difficulty of the task due to information overload in working memory. Experiment 1 confirmed significant effects of associative strength, category set size, type of inference and interaction effects. Experiment 2 showed that the effects of associative strength are context-dependent determined by the reduction of semantic field. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that knowledge stored in memory plays an important role in conditional reasoning.
AbstractList Exemplos alternativos armazenados na memória são fundamentais para a correta interpretação da proposição condicional "Se P, então Q". Esse artigo propõe que a força associativa e o tamanho da categoria semântica têm um papel crítico na ativação de modelos alternativos envolvidos neste tipo de raciocínio. Adicionalmente, quanto mais modelos alternativos, justificados em função do tipo de inferência, maior a dificuldade da tarefa, dada a sobrecarga de informação na memória de trabalho. Dois Experimentos testaram essas hipóteses, sendo que os resultados do Experimento 1 confirmaram efeitos significativos da força associativa, tamanho da categoria, tipo de inferência e interação entre fatores. O Experimento 2 evidenciou que os efeitos de força associativa são contextos-dependentes devido à redução do campo semântico. Esses achados são consistentes com a hipótese de que o conhecimento armazenado na memória tem um papel importante no raciocínio condicional. Alternative examples stored in memory are fundamental for the correct interpretation of the conditional proposition "If P, then Q". This paper proposes that associative strength and set size of semantic categories have a critical role in activation of alternative models. Also, the more the number of alternative models generated as a function of inference type, the greater the difficulty of the task due to information overload in working memory. Experiment 1 confirmed significant effects of associative strength, category set size, type of inference and interaction effects. Experiment 2 showed that the effects of associative strength are context-dependent determined by the reduction of semantic field. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that knowledge stored in memory plays an important role in conditional reasoning.
Author Castilho, Goiara Mendonça de
Janczura, Gerson Américo
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