Clones or Improved Seedlings of Eucalyptus? Not a Simple Choice
The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for...
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| Published in: | The international forestry review Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 216 - 224 |
|---|---|
| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Commonwealth Forestry Association
01-04-2014
THE COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSOCIATION |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for organizations which do not have the financial and technical resources to manage a sustainable clonal program. Type of planting stock does not add value per se; it is the ultimate return from the harvested crop which matters to growers. Case-by-case analysis of deployment options is recommended, taking into account the growers' objectives; species biology; technical capabilities and budget for R and the scale of nursery production which greatly affects plant unit costs. To assist such decisions pros and cons of clonal forestry are presented together with the technical requirements for clonal and seed production programs and for the middle course of vegetative multiplying tested superior families. Some case study examples are discussed. |
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| AbstractList | The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for organizations which do not have the financial and technical resources to manage a sustainable clonal program. Type of planting stock does not add value per se; it is the ultimate return from the harvested crop which matters to growers. Case-by-case analysis of deployment options is recommended, taking into account the growers' objectives; species biology; technical capabilities and budget for R and the scale of nursery production which greatly affects plant unit costs. To assist such decisions pros and cons of clonal forestry are presented together with the technical requirements for clonal and seed production programs and for the middle course of vegetative multiplying tested superior families. Some case study examples are discussed. The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for organizations which do not have the financial and technical resources to manage a sustainable clonal program. Type of planting stock does not add value per se; it is the ultimate return from the harvested crop which matters to growers. Case-by-case analysis of deployment options is recommended, taking into account the growers' objectives; species biology; technical capabilities and budget for RD and the scale of nursery production which greatly affects plant unit costs. The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for organizations which do not have the financial and technical resources to manage a sustainable clonal program. Type of planting stock does not add value per se; it is the ultimate return from the harvested crop which matters to growers. Case-by-case analysis of deployment options is recommended, taking into account the growers' objectives; species biology; technical capabilities and budget for R&D; and the scale of nursery production which greatly affects plant unit costs. To assist such decisions pros and cons of clonal forestry are presented together with the technical requirements for clonal and seed production programs and for the middle course of vegetative multiplying tested superior families. Some case study examples are discussed. The industrial use of hybrid eucalypt clones has been hugely successful in Brazil and a limited number of other countries but there are many circumstances where it is less risky and more economically sustainable to plant seedlings. This is particularly true for difficult-to-root pure species and for organizations which do not have the financial and technical resources to manage a sustainable clonal program. Type of planting stock does not add value per se; it is the ultimate return from the harvested crop which matters to growers. Case-by-case analysis of deployment options is recommended, taking into account the growers' objectives; species biology; technical capabilities and budget for R and the scale of nursery production which greatly affects plant unit costs. To assist such decisions pros and cons of clonal forestry are presented together with the technical requirements for clonal and seed production programs and for the middle course of vegetative multiplying tested superior families. Some case study examples are discussed. L'utilisation industrielle des clones hybrides d'eucalyptus a eu énormément de succès au Brésil et dans un nombre limité d'autres pays, mais il existe d'autres circonstances où il est moins risqué et plus soutenable économiquement de planter des semis. Cette dernière alternative est particulièrement vraie pour les espèces pures ayant des difficultés à établir des racines et pour les organisations ne possédant pas de ressources financières et techniques pour gérer un programme de clones soutenable. Le type de plantation n'a pas de valeur intrinsèque; c'est le bénéfice ultime résultant de la récolte qui compte pour les exploitants. Une analyse cas par cas des options de déploiement est recommandée, prenant en compte les objectifs des exploitants, la biologie des espèces, les capabilités techniques et le budget pour le "R&D", ainsi que l'échelle de la nurserie, qui affecte énormément le coût des plants individuels. Le pour et le contre de la foresterie de clones est présenté, afin de faciliter de telles prises de décisions, ainsi que les nécessités techniques que requièrent les programmes de production de clones et de graines et le stade intermédiaire de multiplication végétative des familles supérieures testées. Des exemples d'étude-cas sont examinés. El uso industrial de clones de eucalipto híbrido ha tenido un enorme éxito en Brasil y otros pocos países, pero son muchas las circunstancias en las que emplear plántulas de vivero es menos arriesgado y, en lo económico, más sostenible. Esto es particularmente cierto para especies puras de enraizamiento difícil y para las organizaciones que no cuentan con los recursos financieros y técnicos con los que gestionar un programa clonal sostenible. El tipo de material de plantación no añade valor de por sí; lo que importa a los productores es el rendimiento final tras el aprovechamiento. Se recomienda analizar, caso por caso, las opciones de plantación, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de los productores, la biología de la especie, las capacidades técnicas y el presupuesto para I+D, y la escala de producción en vivero, la cual afecta en gran medida los costos unitarios por planta. Para facilitar este tipo de decisiones se presentan los pros y contras de la silvicultura clonal, junto con los requisitos técnicos de los programas de producción de clones y semillas y para la opción intermedia de reproducción vegetativa de familias superiores controladas. Se discuten algunos ejemplos de estudios de caso. |
| Abstract_FL | L'utilisation industrielle des clones hybrides d'eucalyptus a eu énormément de succès au Brésil et dans un nombre limité d'autres pays, mais il existe d'autres circonstances où il est moins risqué et plus soutenable économiquement de planter des semis. Cette dernière alternative est particulièrement vraie pour les espèces pures ayant des difficultés à établir des racines et pour les organisations ne possédant pas de ressources financières et techniques pour gérer un programme de clones soutenable. Le type de plantation n'a pas de valeur intrinsèque; c'est le bénéfice ultime résultant de la récolte qui compte pour les exploitants. Une analyse cas par cas des options de déploiement est recommandée, prenant en compte les objectifs des exploitants, la biologie des espèces, les capabilités techniques et le budget pour le “R&D”, ainsi que l'échelle de la nurserie, qui affecte énormément le coût des plants individuels. Le pour et le contre de la foresterie de clones est présenté, afin de faciliter de telles prises de décisions, ainsi que les nécessités techniques que requièrent les programmes de production de clones et de graines et le stade intermédiaire de multiplication végétative des familles supérieures testées. Des exemples d'étude-cas sont examinés. El uso industrial de clones de eucalipto híbrido ha tenido un enorme éxito en Brasil y otros pocos países, pero son muchas las circunstancias en las que emplear plántulas de vivero es menos arriesgado y, en lo económico, más sostenible. Esto es particularmente cierto para especies puras de enraizamiento difícil y para las organizaciones que no cuentan con los recursos financieros y técnicos con los que gestionar un programa clonal sostenible. El tipo de material de plantación no añade valor de por sí; lo que importa a los productores es el rendimiento final tras el aprovechamiento. Se recomienda analizar, caso por caso, las opciones de plantación, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de los productores, la biología de la especie, las capacidades técnicas y el presupuesto para I+D, y la escala de producción en vivero, la cual afecta en gran medida los costos unitarios por planta. Para facilitar este tipo de decisiones se presentan los pros y contras de la silvicultura clonal, junto con los requisitos técnicos de los programas de producción de clones y semillas y para la opción intermedia de reproducción vegetativa de familias superiores controladas. Se discuten algunos ejemplos de estudios de caso. L'utilisation industrielle des clones hybrides d'eucalyptus a eu énormément de succès au Brésil et dans un nombre limité d'autres pays, mais il existe d'autres circonstances où il est moins risqué et plus soutenable économiquement de planter des semis. Cette dernière alternative est particulièrement vraie pour les espèces pures ayant des difficultés à établir des racines et pour les organisations ne possédant pas de ressources financières et techniques pour gérer un programme de clones soutenable. Le type de plantation n'a pas de valeur intrinsèque; c'est le bénéfice ultime résultant de la récolte qui compte pour les exploitants. Une analyse cas par cas des options de déploiement est recommandée, prenant en compte les objectifs des exploitants, la biologie des espèces, les capabilités techniques et le budget pour le "R&D", ainsi que l'échelle de la nurserie, qui affecte énormément le coût des plants individuels. Le pour et le contre de la foresterie de clones est présenté, afin de faciliter de telles prises de décisions, ainsi que les nécessités techniques que requièrent les programmes de production de clones et de graines et le stade intermédiaire de multiplication végétative des familles supérieures testées. Des exemples d'étude-cas sont examinés. El uso industrial de clones de eucalipto híbrido ha tenido un enorme éxito en Brasil y otros pocos países, pero son muchas las circunstancias en las que emplear plántulas de vivero es menos arriesgado y, en lo económico, más sostenible. Esto es particularmente cierto para especies puras de enraizamiento difícil y para las organizaciones que no cuentan con los recursos financieros y técnicos con los que gestionar un programa clonal sostenible. El tipo de material de plantación no añade valor de por sí; lo que importa a los productores es el rendimiento final tras el aprovechamiento. Se recomienda analizar, caso por caso, las opciones de plantación, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos de los productores, la biología de la especie, las capacidades técnicas y el presupuesto para I+D, y la escala de producción en vivero, la cual afecta en gran medida los costos unitarios por planta. Para facilitar este tipo de decisiones se presentan los pros y contras de la silvicultura clonal, junto con los requisitos técnicos de los programas de producción de clones y semillas y para la opción intermedia de reproducción vegetativa de familias superiores controladas. Se discuten algunos ejemplos de estudios de caso. |
| Author | Griffin, A.R. |
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| SubjectTerms | Clones Deployment Eucalyptus Seed Orchards Seedlings Vegetative Propagation |
| Title | Clones or Improved Seedlings of Eucalyptus? Not a Simple Choice |
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