Bench-to-bedside review: Apoptosis/programmed cell death triggered by traumatic brain injury
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological form of cell death that is important for normal embryologic development and cell turnover in adult organisms. Cumulative evidence suggests that apoptosis can also be triggered in tissues without a high rate of cell turnover, including those wit...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Critical care (London, England) Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 66 - 75 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
England
National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts
01-02-2005
BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological form of cell death that is important for normal embryologic development and cell turnover in adult organisms. Cumulative evidence suggests that apoptosis can also be triggered in tissues without a high rate of cell turnover, including those within the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, a crucial role for apoptosis in delayed neuronal loss after both acute and chronic CNS injury is emerging. In the current review we summarize the growing evidence that apoptosis occurs after traumatic brain injury (TBI), from experimental models to humans. This includes the identification of apoptosis after TBI, initiators of apoptosis, key modulators of apoptosis such as the Bcl-2 family, key executioners of apoptosis such as the caspase family, final pathways of apoptosis, and potential therapeutic interventions for blocking neuronal apoptosis after TBI. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological form of cell death that is important for normal embryologic development and cell turnover in adult organisms. Cumulative evidence suggests that apoptosis can also be triggered in tissues without a high rate of cell turnover, including those within the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, a crucial role for apoptosis in delayed neuronal loss after both acute and chronic CNS injury is emerging. In the current review we summarize the growing evidence that apoptosis occurs after traumatic brain injury (TBI), from experimental models to humans. This includes the identification of apoptosis after TBI, initiators of apoptosis, key modulators of apoptosis such as the Bcl-2 family, key executioners of apoptosis such as the caspase family, final pathways of apoptosis, and potential therapeutic interventions for blocking neuronal apoptosis after TBI. |
| Author | Zhang, Xiaopeng Clark, Robert S B Chen, Yaming Kochanek, Patrick M Jenkins, Larry W |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Research Associate, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 5 Associate Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 4 Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 3 Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – name: 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – name: 2 Research Associate, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – name: 4 Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – name: 5 Associate Professor, Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiaopeng surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiaopeng organization: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Yaming surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yaming – sequence: 3 givenname: Larry W surname: Jenkins fullname: Jenkins, Larry W – sequence: 4 givenname: Patrick M surname: Kochanek fullname: Kochanek, Patrick M – sequence: 5 givenname: Robert S B surname: Clark fullname: Clark, Robert S B |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15693986$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp1kV1rFDEUhkOp9Ev9CTL0wruxyea7F4W22CoUvFHwQghJ5sxulp1kmsxU9t-bsrW0glcn5yPvefLmGO3HFAGh9wR_IkSJM-8XmuM9dESYEK3A-ud-PVPBWsUpP0THpawxJlIJeoAOCReaaiWO0K8riH7VTql10JXQQZPhIcDv8-ZyTOOUSihnY07LbIcBusbDZtN0YKdVM-WwXEKuRbetiZ0HOwXfuGxDbEJcz3n7Fr3p7abAu6d4gn7cfP5-_aW9-3b79fryrnWMiqkFKnupXM945znBC9X3QmnuvbIMy54zydiio72jWhAKTClQ3sleEc-l6wQ9QRc73XF2ldJDrDwbM-Yw2Lw1yQbzuhPDyizTgyFYcKx5FdA7ARfSfwRed3wazM7yevfj0_Kc7mcokxlCefTJRkhzMUIyrJR-pDz9Z3Cd5hyrMWYhua4sQtWhDy-f8ozw98foH9Kjm84 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1080_14737159_2018_1535904 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2007_0398 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_jcbfm_9600301 crossref_primary_10_2174_1381612826666200523172334 crossref_primary_10_1038_sj_jcbfm_9600544 crossref_primary_10_1002_jcp_26287 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2023_1320960 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_021_21611_8 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2009_1256 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnbeh_2020_00018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_020_02221_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2017_5496 crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm11100985 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12028_022_01507_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pathophys_2012_02_006 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resp_2012_01_016 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1600_079X_2009_00680_x crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2008_0724 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuropharm_2014_06_018 crossref_primary_10_1186_s11671_016_1704_2 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2007_0444 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainresbull_2010_07_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_proghi_2008_10_002 crossref_primary_10_52711_0974_360X_2024_00303 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_024_09244_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11064_012_0791_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10571_015_0227_1 crossref_primary_10_1097_NEN_0b013e3181b20670 crossref_primary_10_1002_2211_5463_12404 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2021_0094 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_023_04463_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11011_016_9913_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11682_011_9140_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_jcbfm_2008_44 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0024648 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells10051035 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_expneurol_2021_113958 crossref_primary_10_1038_jcbfm_2009_234 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnmol_2021_612073 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0113397 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2006_0169 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_021_05205_2 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_4906434 crossref_primary_10_1002_jnr_23069 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrneurol_2010_74 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2014_3352 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbrc_2018_04_154 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_surneu_2008_02_040 crossref_primary_10_1002_pro6_1073 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11481_015_9595_z crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhn167 crossref_primary_10_2174_1570159X16666180911121847 crossref_primary_10_3892_br_2013_182 crossref_primary_10_1038_nm_1940 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2018_6203 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41580_018_0089_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_08196_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11064_018_2602_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12929_019_0543_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom14060678 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_isci_2023_107916 crossref_primary_10_2174_1566523221666211123101441 crossref_primary_10_1080_01616412_2016_1240393 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuint_2010_12_008 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2012_10_031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_expneurol_2013_12_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biochi_2017_02_015 crossref_primary_10_1089_pho_2012_3261 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2021_713715 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12031_012_9828_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_022_07344_x crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2006_0229 crossref_primary_10_1111_fcp_12767 crossref_primary_10_1002_jnr_24132 crossref_primary_10_3390_md13074310 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jns_2014_12_032 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_021_04092_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2015_00256 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13311_021_01113_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11064_012_0880_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2015_11_043 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0087241 crossref_primary_10_1179_1743132814Y_0000000353 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_40915_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_31141_x crossref_primary_10_3892_mmr_2017_6126 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jss_2014_09_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_expneurol_2021_113762 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2011_2258 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms18051082 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_012_1007_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_018_0897_z crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_980657 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cca_2013_04_023 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2017_4999 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_31891_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms20123048 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0011383 crossref_primary_10_5667_tang_2011_0001 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2LC00897A crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2019_6556 crossref_primary_10_1177_0271678X231197173 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0169490 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0018215 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2010_1226 crossref_primary_10_1177_11795735231160025 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2015_4177 crossref_primary_10_1038_jcbfm_2009_203 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41419_018_0960_8 crossref_primary_10_1080_14737159_2022_2016394 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2019_10_026 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_expneurol_2019_113080 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms19103151 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroscience_2009_06_028 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2020_7028 crossref_primary_10_1038_jcbfm_2011_31 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12964_020_00549_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12028_020_01158_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_jnr_20673 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms15034088 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_020_02000_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2017_09_003 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21176204 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12868_016_0251_1 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2003909117 crossref_primary_10_4103_1673_5374_189190 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_anchem_062011_143105 crossref_primary_10_2174_0929867325666181031122438 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2007_0341 crossref_primary_10_2217_fnl_12_95 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jneumeth_2016_01_025 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41419_019_2198_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_annfar_2009_02_023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nbd_2010_09_014 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2008_0670 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11033_024_09641_z crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2009_1226 crossref_primary_10_4103_1673_5374_187049 crossref_primary_10_18632_aging_203958 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2010_09_055 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neulet_2009_05_071 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2009_1069 crossref_primary_10_1089_neu_2009_1223 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2020_00581 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12974_016_0687_3 crossref_primary_10_1111_jpi_12344 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12253_011_9433_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2202_7_55 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbi_2016_11_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_injury_2007_08_041 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts Feb 2005 Copyright © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts Feb 2005 – notice: Copyright © 2004 BioMed Central Ltd |
| DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM K9. 7X8 5PM |
| DOI | 10.1186/cc2950 |
| DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
| DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: ECM name: MEDLINE url: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&site=ehost-live sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1466-609X |
| EndPage | 75 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_biomedcentral_com_cc2950 2030681351 15693986 |
| Genre | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S Review Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: NINDS NIH HHS grantid: R01 NS38620 – fundername: NINDS NIH HHS grantid: P50 NS030318 – fundername: NINDS NIH HHS grantid: R01 NS038620 – fundername: NINDS NIH HHS grantid: P50 NS30318 |
| GroupedDBID | --- -5E -5G -BR 0R~ 29F 2WC 3V. 4.4 53G 5GY 5VS 6J9 6PF 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAFWJ AAJSJ AAWTL ABUWG ACGFS ACJQM ACRMQ ADBBV ADINQ ADUKV AEGXH AENEX AFKRA AFPKN AHBYD AHMBA AHSBF AHYZX ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMKLP AMTXH AOIAM AOIJS BAPOH BAWUL BCNDV BENPR BFQNJ BMC BPHCQ BVXVI C1A C24 C6C CCPQU CGR CS3 CUY CVF DIK E3Z EBD EBLON EBS ECM EIF EJD EMOBN F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 H13 HMCUK HYE IAO IHR INH INR ITC KQ8 M1P NPM O5R O5S OK1 PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RBZ ROL RPM RSV SJN SMD SOJ SV3 TR2 U2A UKHRP WOQ YOC K9. 7X8 ABVAZ AFGXO AFNRJ 5PM |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-b436t-e37f78bf45dc51028ff6895cc8a407f547442d3fb39613e488e8cb7f81c57bd63 |
| IEDL.DBID | RPM |
| ISSN | 1364-8535 |
| IngestDate | Tue Sep 17 21:21:58 EDT 2024 Wed May 22 07:12:19 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 25 22:59:20 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 19:38:51 EDT 2024 Sat Nov 02 12:19:46 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b436t-e37f78bf45dc51028ff6895cc8a407f547442d3fb39613e488e8cb7f81c57bd63 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-2 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065095/ |
| PMID | 15693986 |
| PQID | 275910668 |
| PQPubID | 44363 |
| PageCount | 10 |
| ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1065095 biomedcentral_primary_oai_biomedcentral_com_cc2950 proquest_miscellaneous_67408896 proquest_journals_275910668 pubmed_primary_15693986 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2005-02-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2005-02-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2005 text: 2005-02-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2000 |
| PublicationPlace | England |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: England – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | Critical care (London, England) |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Crit Care |
| PublicationYear | 2005 |
| Publisher | National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts BioMed Central Ltd BioMed Central |
| Publisher_xml | – name: National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts – name: BioMed Central Ltd – name: BioMed Central |
| SSID | ssj0017863 |
| Score | 2.2808459 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a physiological form of cell death that is important for normal embryologic development and cell turnover in adult... |
| SourceID | pubmedcentral biomedcentral proquest pubmed |
| SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
| StartPage | 66 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Apoptosis - physiology Brain Injuries - mortality Brain Injuries - physiopathology Brain Injuries - therapy Caspase Inhibitors Caspases - metabolism Caspases - physiology Enzyme Activation Humans Review |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: BiomedCentral dbid: RBZ link: http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1JS8NAFB60gnhxX2pd5uA1tM2s8dZqSy96cAERIWSW2IokxaQH_71vklhNKQgewyNk8pbM-_LefA-hC2MJi7RVnulQ5dEogO9gAIEnNAU4waWkxv3vGN2L2yd5PXA0OXh5Bb8reVtrP3CgfA2AAnU-fNd_ntcJhCxmpXUJpx5sPKyaHvRz38I59vdlieRiP-SvDWa49ffSttFmlTziXmntHbRik120flOVx_fQSx98buzlqaescXM4cXky5RL3puk0T7NJ1q4asmAd2P20x8blgDgHkP7qxnZi9QkX0axgcsXKDZDAk-QNNL-PHoeDh6uRV41P8BQlPPcsEbGQKqbMaObyiDjmMmBaywhQXMyooNQ3JFYkgD3dQiRbqZWIZVczoQwnB6iRpIk9QjgOOtYVaIQfKQqYQlJCIs2UcXCHSb-J_JqWw2lJlRE68uq6BOIoLPXWRK1vU4RV4GShLxgkMJzLJjqfS8HjnUaixKazLOSCut4s3kSHpdnmTwMsGpBAgkTUDFpbTl2STMYFp3a3oBJkx_95kRbaKAhdi17uE9TIP2b2FK1mZnZWeOsXGjXq_w priority: 500 providerName: BioMedCentral |
| Title | Bench-to-bedside review: Apoptosis/programmed cell death triggered by traumatic brain injury |
| URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15693986 https://www.proquest.com/docview/275910668 https://search.proquest.com/docview/67408896 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc2950 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC1065095 |
| Volume | 9 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9wwEB51OVRcUGl5pDzqA9cQNn6GG1AQF6qqUKlCSFH8CLsIkhXJHvrvGTsJIhWnXiJFVmRrHvF89sw3AAfWUV4Yp2N7xHTMigz_gxk6njQM4YRQill_3nF5LX_8Ud_PPU0OH2phQtK-0fPD6vHpsJrPQm7l4skkQ55Y8vPqbBp433gygQnGhgNE768OpArt06ZUsBj3It43FJoqkRiTZjz0fuMio5mvnx5VuT--F2b-my35Zvu5-ARrfdxITrr1rcMHV32Gj1f9zfgXuDtFc5vFbR1rZ30LTtIVpRyTk0W9aOtm3iR9LhZOQvx5PbE-_CMt4vN737GT6L_4UiwDiSvRvncEmVcPKPQN-H1xfnN2GfedE2LNqGhjR2UplS4Zt4b7EKIshcq4MapAAFdyJhlLLS01zXA7d-jEThktSzU1XGor6CasVHXltoGU2ZHzdzMyLTRDOKEYpYXh2nqkw1UaQToSYb7oWDJyz1s9HkEXyjsVRLAzyDnvfabJU8kxdhFCRfDtdRSN3UukqFy9bHIhmU_LEhFsdTp5nW3QaARypK3RcsYjaF2BTru3pq___eUOrAZC15DLvQsr7fPS7cGkscv9APHx-ev0dj-Y6QuIYu8F |
| link.rule.ids | 108,230,315,729,782,786,866,887,24946,27933,27934,53800,53802,75821,75822 |
| linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
| linkToHtml | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LT9wwEB7xkNpeSt8N0OJDryG78TPceGqrsggJKvVQKYofKVtBsmqyh_77jp0EkYoTx2gUxfLniWfsme8D-GId5YVxOrYTpmNWZPgfzNDxpGGYTgilmPXnHbMrefFDnZx6mhw-9MKEon2jF_vV7d1-tbgJtZXLO5MMdWLJ5fx4GnjfeLIOm-ivk8mQpPeXB1IFAbUpFSzG3Yj3kkJTJRJj0owH9TcuMpr5DupRn_vtY4Hm__WSDzags60nDv0VvOwjTnLYmV_DmqvewLN5f6f-Fn4e4UK9ids61s568U7StbMckMNlvWzrZtEkfRUXDo74k35ifeBIWszsf3mtT6L_4kOxCvSvRHvVCbKofiNc7-D72en18SzuNRdizahoY0dlKZUuGbeG--CjLIXKuDGqwNSv5EwyllpaapphIODQ_Z0yWpZqarjUVtD3sFHVlfsIpMwmzt_qyLTQDBMRxSgtDNfW50hcpRGko6nPlx2_Ru4Zr8cWdL68gy6CnQGfvPe2Jk8lx6hHCBXB3r0V3cTPSFG5etXkQjJf0CUi-NBhef-1YSVEIEcoj4YztiC4gYi7B3P7yW_uwfPZ9fw8P_968W0HXgRa2FARvgsb7Z-V-wTrjV19Dsv7Hw-uApI |
| linkToPdf | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB7RIlVceENDKfWBa5rd-Blupe2qCFpVAiQOSFH8olu1SUSyB_49Yye7IogTPUZOFMufx57xjL8P4K11lFfG6dTOmE5ZVeA6WKDhScMwnBBKMRvOO84-y4tv6uQ00ORspL5i0b7Ry8P65vawXl7F2sr21mTrOrHs8vx4HnnfeNZan23BfbTZWb4O1McEglRRRG1OBUtxR-KjrNBcicyYvOBRAY6LghbhFvXkrvvNv5zNv2sm_9iEFo_u0P3H8HD0PMnR8MoTuOfqp7BzPubWn8H39zhhr9K-SbWzQcSTDNda3pGjtmn7plt22VjNhR0k4cSf2OBAkh4j_B9B85PoX_hQrSINLNFBfYIs62uE7Tl8XZx-OT5LR-2FVDMq-tRR6aXSnnFreHBCvBeq4MaoCkNAz5lkLLfUa1qgQ-BwGXDKaOnV3HCpraAvYLtuarcLxBczF7I7Mq80w4BEMUorw7UNsRJXeQL5ZPjLduDZKAPz9bQFjbAc4Etgb41ROVpdV-aSo_cjhErgYNOK5hJGpKpds-pKIVko7BIJvBzw3PxtPRsSkBOkJ92ZtiDAkZB7BPTVf395ADuXJ4vy04eLj3vwILLDxsLw17Dd_1y5fdjq7OpNnOG_ARmTBRI |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bench-to-bedside+review%3A+Apoptosis%2Fprogrammed+cell+death+triggered+by+traumatic+brain+injury&rft.jtitle=Critical+care+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xiaopeng&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yaming&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Larry+W&rft.au=Kochanek%2C+Patrick+M&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.eissn=1466-609X&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.epage=75&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fcc2950&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1364-8535&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1364-8535&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1364-8535&client=summon |