Alcohol use during pregnancy: prevalence and patterns in selected Buffalo City areas, South Africa
The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa. The aims of this research were to establish the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with alcohol use amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics...
Saved in:
Published in: | African journal of reproductive health Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 114 - 121 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Benin City
Women's Health and Action Research Centre
01-02-2021
Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Abstract | The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from
alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa.
The aims of this research were to establish the prevalence, patterns
and factors associated with alcohol use amongst pregnant women
attending antenatal clinics in two former township areas of Buffalo
City, South Africa. A survey was conducted using a structured
questionnaire that included socio-demographic questions, and the
Alcohol Use Test (AUDIT). The questionnaire was administered in
English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa by healthcare providers trained in its
administration. Consecutive sampling was used, with all willing women
presenting at public clinics offering antenatal care in the two
townships being invited to participate. Of the 18 clinics operating in
the two townships, 16 were willing to participate, resulting in a
sample of 1028 women over a nine-month period. Data were analysed in
Medcalc using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance,
independent samples t-test and a multivariable binary logistic
regression analysis. Two-thirds of the sample did not drink alcohol,
but results showed high levels of risky alcohol use: 20.1% on the total
AUDIT scale, and 16.8% on the AUDIT-C scale. The following variables
were found to be significantly associated with risky drinking: age;
race; report of intimate partner violence (IPV); and other regular
drinker in the home. Employment status, education status, relationship
status, parity and gestation were not associated with risky drinking.
Interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use during pregnancy should
address: drinking youth cultures; drinking norms within the home; and
intimate partner violence. Future studies should include additional
mental and physical health variables. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]:
114-121).
Le taux élevé de troubles du spectre de l'alcoolisation
foetale, qui résulte de la consommation d'alcool pendant la
grossesse, est préoccupant en Afrique du Sud. Les objectifs de
cette recherche étaient d'établir la prévalence, les
schémas et les facteurs associés à la consommation
d'alcool chez les femmes enceintes fréquentant des cliniques
prénatales dans deux anciens cantons (townships) de Buffalo City,
en Afrique du Sud. Une enquête a été menée à
l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré qui comprenait des
questions sociodémographiques, et le test d'identification des
troubles liés à l'abus d'alcool (AUDIT). Le questionnaire a
été administré en anglais, afrikaans ou isiXhosa par des
prestataires de soins formés à son administration. Un
échantillonnage consécutif a été utilisé,
toutes les femmes consentantes se présentant dans des cliniques
publiques offrant des soins prénatals dans les deux cantons ont
été invitées à participer. 16 des 18 cliniques
opérant dans les deux cantons ont été disposées
à participer, ce qui a donné un échantillon de 1028
femmes sur une période de neuf mois. Les données ont
été analysées dans Medcalc en utilisant des statistiques
descriptives, une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance, un test-t
pour échantillons indépendants et une analyse
multivariée de régression logistique binaire. Les deux tiers
de l'échantillon ne buvaient pas d'alcool, mais les résultats
ont montré des niveaux élevés de consommation d'alcool
à risque: 20,1% sur l'échelle AUDIT totale et 16,8% sur
l'échelle AUDIT-C. On a trouvé les variables suivantes
significativement associées à la consommation à risque
d'alcool: âge; course; rapport de violence entre partenaires
intimes (VPI); et autre buveur régulier à la maison. Le
statut d'emploi, le niveau de scolarité, le statut relationnel, la
parité et la gestation n'étaient pas associés à une
consommation d'alcool à risque. Des interventions visant à
réduire la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse devraient
aborder: les cultures de consommation d'alcool chez les jeunes; les
normes de consommation d'alcool à la maison; et la violence entre
partenaires intimes. Des études futures devraient inclure des
variables de santé mentale et physique supplémentaires. (Afr
J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). |
---|---|
AbstractList | The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa. The aims of this research were to establish the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with alcohol use amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two former township areas of Buffalo City, South Africa. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic questions, and the Alcohol Use Test (AUDIT). The questionnaire was administered in English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa by healthcare providers trained in its administration. Consecutive sampling was used, with all willing women presenting at public clinics offering antenatal care in the two townships being invited to participate. Of the 18 clinics operating in the two townships, 16 were willing to participate, resulting in a sample of 1028 women over a nine-month period. Data were analysed in Medcalc using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t-test and a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Two-thirds of the sample did not drink alcohol, but results showed high levels of risky alcohol use: 20.1% on the total AUDIT scale, and 16.8% on the AUDIT-C scale. The following variables were found to be significantly associated with risky drinking: age; race; report of intimate partner violence (IPV); and other regular drinker in the home. Employment status, education status, relationship status, parity and gestation were not associated with risky drinking. Interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use during pregnancy should address: drinking youth cultures; drinking norms within the home; and intimate partner violence. Future studies should include additional mental and physical health variables. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). Keywords: Alcohol, pregnancy, prevalence, South Africa Le taux eleve de troubles du spectre de l'alcoolisation foetale, qui resulte de la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse, est preoccupant en Afrique du Sud. Les objectifs de cette recherche etaient d'etablir la prevalence, les schemas et les facteurs associes a la consommation d'alcool chez les femmes enceintes frequentant des cliniques prenatales dans deux anciens cantons (townships) de Buffalo City, en Afrique du Sud. Une enquete a ete menee a l'aide d'un questionnaire structure qui comprenait des questions sociodemographiques, et le test d'identification des troubles lies a l'abus d'alcool (AUDIT). Le questionnaire a ete administre en anglais, afrikaans ou isiXhosa par des prestataires de soins formes a son administration. Un echantillonnage consecutif a ete utilise, toutes les femmes consentantes se presentant dans des cliniques publiques offrant des soins prenatals dans les deux cantons ont ete invitees a participer. 16 des 18 cliniques operant dans les deux cantons ont ete disposees a participer, ce qui a donne un echantillon de 1028 femmes sur une periode de neuf mois. Les donnees ont ete analysees dans Medcalc en utilisant des statistiques descriptives, une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance, un test-t pour echantillons independants et une analyse multivariee de regression logistique binaire. Les deux tiers de l'echantillon ne buvaient pas d'alcool, mais les resultats ont montre des niveaux eleves de consommation d'alcool a risque: 20,1% sur l'echelle AUDIT totale et 16,8% sur l'echelle AUDIT-C. On a trouve les variables suivantes significativement associees a la consommation a risque d'alcool: age; course; rapport de violence entre partenaires intimes (VPI); et autre buveur regulier a la maison. Le statut d'emploi, le niveau de scolarite, le statut relationnel, la parite et la gestation n'etaient pas associes a une consommation d'alcool a risque. Des interventions visant a reduire la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse devraient aborder: les cultures de consommation d'alcool chez les jeunes; les normes de consommation d'alcool a la maison; et la violence entre partenaires intimes. Des etudes futures devraient inclure des variables de sante mentale et physique supplementaires. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). Mots-cles: Alcool, grossesse, prevalence, Afrique du Sud The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa. The aims of this research were to establish the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with alcohol use amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two former township areas of Buffalo City, South Africa. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic questions, and the Alcohol Use Test (AUDIT). The questionnaire was administered in English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa by healthcare providers trained in its administration. Consecutive sampling was used, with all willing women presenting at public clinics offering antenatal care in the two townships being invited to participate. Of the 18 clinics operating in the two townships, 16 were willing to participate, resulting in a sample of 1028 women over a nine-month period. Data were analysed in Medcalc using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t-test and a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Two-thirds of the sample did not drink alcohol, but results showed high levels of risky alcohol use: 20.1% on the total AUDIT scale, and 16.8% on the AUDIT-C scale. The following variables were found to be significantly associated with risky drinking: age; race; report of intimate partner violence (IPV); and other regular drinker in the home. Employment status, education status, relationship status, parity and gestation were not associated with risky drinking. Interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use during pregnancy should address: drinking youth cultures; drinking norms within the home; and intimate partner violence. Future studies should include additional mental and physical health variables. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). Le taux élevé de troubles du spectre de l'alcoolisation foetale, qui résulte de la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse, est préoccupant en Afrique du Sud. Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient d'établir la prévalence, les schémas et les facteurs associés à la consommation d'alcool chez les femmes enceintes fréquentant des cliniques prénatales dans deux anciens cantons (townships) de Buffalo City, en Afrique du Sud. Une enquête a été menée à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré qui comprenait des questions sociodémographiques, et le test d'identification des troubles liés à l'abus d'alcool (AUDIT). Le questionnaire a été administré en anglais, afrikaans ou isiXhosa par des prestataires de soins formés à son administration. Un échantillonnage consécutif a été utilisé, toutes les femmes consentantes se présentant dans des cliniques publiques offrant des soins prénatals dans les deux cantons ont été invitées à participer. 16 des 18 cliniques opérant dans les deux cantons ont été disposées à participer, ce qui a donné un échantillon de 1028 femmes sur une période de neuf mois. Les données ont été analysées dans Medcalc en utilisant des statistiques descriptives, une analyse unidirectionnelle de la variance, un test-t pour échantillons indépendants et une analyse multivariée de régression logistique binaire. Les deux tiers de l'échantillon ne buvaient pas d'alcool, mais les résultats ont montré des niveaux élevés de consommation d'alcool à risque: 20,1% sur l'échelle AUDIT totale et 16,8% sur l'échelle AUDIT-C. On a trouvé les variables suivantes significativement associées à la consommation à risque d'alcool: âge; course; rapport de violence entre partenaires intimes (VPI); et autre buveur régulier à la maison. Le statut d'emploi, le niveau de scolarité, le statut relationnel, la parité et la gestation n'étaient pas associés à une consommation d'alcool à risque. Des interventions visant à réduire la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse devraient aborder: les cultures de consommation d'alcool chez les jeunes; les normes de consommation d'alcool à la maison; et la violence entre partenaires intimes. Des études futures devraient inclure des variables de santé mentale et physique supplémentaires. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa. The aims of this research were to establish the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with alcohol use amongst pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in two former township areas of Buffalo City, South Africa. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire that included socio-demographic questions, and the Alcohol Use Test (AUDIT). The questionnaire was administered in English, Afrikaans or isiXhosa by healthcare providers trained in its administration. Consecutive sampling was used, with all willing women presenting at public clinics offering antenatal care in the two townships being invited to participate. Of the 18 clinics operating in the two townships, 16 were willing to participate, resulting in a sample of 1028 women over a nine-month period. Data were analysed in Medcalc using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, independent samples t-test and a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Two-thirds of the sample did not drink alcohol, but results showed high levels of risky alcohol use: 20.1% on the total AUDIT scale, and 16.8% on the AUDIT-C scale. The following variables were found to be significantly associated with risky drinking: age; race; report of intimate partner violence (IPV); and other regular drinker in the home. Employment status, education status, relationship status, parity and gestation were not associated with risky drinking. Interventions aimed at reducing alcohol use during pregnancy should address: drinking youth cultures; drinking norms within the home; and intimate partner violence. Future studies should include additional mental and physical health variables. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[1]: 114-121). |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Macleod, Catriona I Molokoe, Katlego Young, Charles |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Macleod, Catriona I – sequence: 2 fullname: Young, Charles – sequence: 3 fullname: Molokoe, Katlego |
BookMark | eNptkt9rFDEQxxepYFv9B3wKCOKDd83P_eHbebRVKPigPofZ7OxtjlyyJtnC_ffmqNJWJIEMk8_3yzAzF9WZDx6r6i2ja97RWlzBPk6ccnZ1z5VlayZeVOeMsXYlW8nOnsSvqouU9pRyqXhzXvUbZ8IUHFkSkmGJ1u_IHHHnwZvjp1N4Dw69QQJ-IDPkjNEnYj1J6NBkHMjnZRzBBbK1-UggIqSP5HtY8kQ2Y7QGXlcvy3_CN3_ey-rnzfWP7ZfV3bfbr9vN3aqXTOVVJ2EYmOm6thEKsKUgDTJVC9n0DZUNSqiFAVQjrXuD7djxgRXNKJt6VBLEZfXhwXeO4deCKeuDTQadA49hSZorUZcOlFvQd_-g-7BEX6orlJQdU51oHqldaYG2fgw5gjmZ6k2tGlnzlopCrf9DlTPgwZoyptGW_DPB-yeCCcHlKQW3ZBt8eg5eP4AJeusx6wQ4L72ecp6TnganpzKU4nH6Y1RxqnFv9GkVdFkDbZkGxuRjhb0NrhjpOdoDxKM20YL-myyiskKMMiF-A5RWuqY |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Copyright 2021 - African Journal of Reproductive Health COPYRIGHT 2021 Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) Copyright Women's Health and Action Research Centre Feb 2021 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright 2021 - African Journal of Reproductive Health – notice: COPYRIGHT 2021 Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) – notice: Copyright Women's Health and Action Research Centre Feb 2021 |
DBID | RBI 3V. 4T- 4U- 7R6 7U3 7X7 7XB 888 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AN0 BENPR BHHNA BSCPQ CCPQU CWDGH FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PQEST PQGEN PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS QXPDG UXAQP 7X8 |
DOI | 10.29063/ajrh2021/v25i1.13 |
DatabaseName | Bioline International ProQuest Central (Corporate) Docstoc University Readers GenderWatch Social Services Abstracts Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) GenderWatch (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Public Health Database Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland British Nursing Database ProQuest Central Sociological Abstracts Black Studies Center ProQuest One Community College Middle East & Africa Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest Women's & Gender Studies ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Diversity Collection ProQuest Black Studies MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitle | University Readers ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Middle East & Africa Database Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Diversity Collection Social Services Abstracts ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Black Studies GenderWatch (Alumni Edition) Black Studies Center ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition British Nursing Index with Full Text ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library GenderWatch ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Docstoc Sociological Abstracts ProQuest Women's & Gender Studies ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | University Readers |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine |
EISSN | 1118-4841 2141-3606 |
EndPage | 121 |
ExternalDocumentID | A657462803 https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-ajrh_v25_i1_a114 cria_bioline_rh_rh21013 |
GeographicLocations | South Africa Eastern Cape South Africa Ethiopia Tanzania |
GeographicLocations_xml | – name: South Africa – name: Tanzania – name: Ethiopia – name: Eastern Cape South Africa |
GroupedDBID | --- -OY 1RG 23M 2WC 36B 3V. 4JU 53G 5GY 6J9 7R6 7X7 88E 8C1 8FI 8FJ 8R4 8R5 AAWTL ABBHK ABQDR ABUWG ABXSQ ACGFO ACHQT ACIHN ADACV ADBBV AEAQA AELLO AEUPB AFKRA AHMBA AKBRZ ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AN0 BAWUL BENPR BNQBC BPHCQ BQOBL BSCPQ BVXVI CCPQU CS3 CWDGH DIK E3Z EBD EBS ECGQY ECV EIHBH EJD EMB EMOBN F5P FYUFA GX1 HMCUK IAO IHR IHW INH INR IPSME ITC JAA JAAYA JBMMH JBZCM JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JST KWQ M1P M~E N8Y OK1 P2P P6G PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PV9 Q2X QXPDG RBI RFP RNS RZL SA0 SCVUT SV3 TR2 UKHRP UXAQP XSB - ADACO AGCAB BBAFP LI0 O0- OY PBS PQEST PQUKI PRINS 4T- 4U- 7U3 7XB 8FK BHHNA K9. PQGEN 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-b415t-94add1c998735ae80a4ce156347b7047e4a63cae5f06bce8f92d14adf476f54a3 |
ISSN | 1118-4841 |
IngestDate | Sat Aug 17 00:59:28 EDT 2024 Thu Oct 10 23:06:17 EDT 2024 Fri Feb 23 00:10:15 EST 2024 Tue Nov 12 22:35:31 EST 2024 Tue Aug 20 22:08:05 EDT 2024 Sat Aug 14 09:11:00 EDT 2021 Thu Nov 14 20:11:15 EST 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 1 |
Language | English |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b415t-94add1c998735ae80a4ce156347b7047e4a63cae5f06bce8f92d14adf476f54a3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
PQID | 2544915937 |
PQPubID | 29190 |
PageCount | 8 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2536484484 proquest_journals_2544915937 gale_infotracmisc_A657462803 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A657462803 gale_healthsolutions_A657462803 sabinet_saepub_https_hdl_handle_net_10520_ejc_ajrh_v25_i1_a114 bioline_primary_cria_bioline_rh_rh21013 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2021-02-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2021-02-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 02 year: 2021 text: 2021-02-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Benin City |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Benin City |
PublicationTitle | African journal of reproductive health |
PublicationYear | 2021 |
Publisher | Women's Health and Action Research Centre Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) |
Publisher_xml | – name: Women's Health and Action Research Centre – name: Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC) |
SSID | ssj0024527 ssib023361399 |
Score | 2.2670503 |
Snippet | The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from
alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa.
The aims of this... The high rate of foetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which results from alcohol consumption during pregnancy, is of concern in South Africa. The aims of this... |
SourceID | proquest gale sabinet bioline |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
StartPage | 114 |
SubjectTerms | Afrique du Sud Alcohol Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcohols Alcool Analysis Audits Cities Clinics Domestic violence Drinking behavior Drinking of alcoholic beverages Effect of alcohol on Employment Family violence Fetal alcohol syndrome Fetus Germanic languages grossesse Health care industry Health services Intimate partner violence Mental health Pregnancy Pregnant women Prenatal care Prevalence prévalence Public administration Questionnaires Regression analysis Sociodemographics South Africa Surveys Variables Variance analysis Violence Women Womens health |
Title | Alcohol use during pregnancy: prevalence and patterns in selected Buffalo City areas, South Africa |
URI | http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=rh21013 https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-ajrh_v25_i1_a114 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2544915937 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2536484484 |
Volume | 25 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3db9MwELe6ISFeEJ-iY4CRkPZQwprEiVMekErXqVNhQtqQeLMcx1k7qrRqWv5-7vyRpiAheECKotRxajf38_ns3v2OkDcsLQsJOAp4AYOcqUEZSK2KII7BVuaZTFSK8c6TK375LTsbs3Gn41NG7cr-q6ShDGSNkbP_IO3mS6EArkHmcAapw_mv5D60OW9721r7GMTVWt8gr4Yhd4IP0Jz2gQIrw69pvclrkxMHLNCP27KUi2VvhCa6RLd1s0mK2fZ6NrFQ26a1JVWbhAKpMg2TLPol2VDL1tb3wjkbjzA9AKwEWju3Xvc4L4DmIVDR363T4lRCmzfL9m5FFHoHZ68TkVbC_BPhoqzwlw5tUnTvamj3tXVLKcMiKGCZJcjyWtuGS--h06rg0Aalutk8tPHXv04USHKPjBXydj3DbsLljyiZh-9sYOw-L_dkeCW-nJ2LTxeX0wNyJwKVZhwCLqY7VkebHLjpqQ3PMq2c-jZOfQuw1EKGLVhF_G4HwD2kVq70pmXmXD8g9936hA4tsB6Sjq4ekbufnQfGY5I7fFHAF7X4og2-3tMduii8c-rRRecV9eiiDl0U0UUNut5Sgy1qkfSEfD0fX48mgcvTEeRg_m2CAYNJMlSwcOdxInXWl0zpMEljxnPeZ1wzmcZK6qTsp7nSWTmIihCeKRlPy4TJ-Ck5rJaVfkZoVsg-ixnLJZiWcJmrnOmCZwmPNMuLvEtO3KsTK8vGImBylcIXrmdwRDDNxF3yCl-tsBhvRrYYpgnHeOw-1DgxNRAXm7VU0gWkQE-QE22v5vFeTdDAav-2F59wQ60WSP03gLVCzLvkdXMbn0Svxkovt1gnTgEtcHTJByd2UUuMhjXhdrWYFQth6VYE3gvRa03oWyUQVAIAJeahkAD5oz_34Tm5txuNx-Rws97qF-SgLrYvDZB_As7r0S0 |
link.rule.ids | 315,783,787,27936,27937 |
linkProvider | Flying Publisher |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+during+pregnancy%3A+prevalence+and+patterns+in+selected+Buffalo+City+areas%2C+South+Africa&rft.jtitle=African+journal+of+reproductive+health&rft.au=Macleod%2C+Catriona+I&rft.au=Young%2C+Charles&rft.au=Molokoe%2C+Katlego&rft.date=2021-02-01&rft.pub=Women%27s+Health+and+Action+Research+Centre&rft.issn=1118-4841&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=114&rft.epage=121&rft_id=info:doi/10.29063%2Fajrh2021%2Fv25i1.13&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1118-4841&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1118-4841&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1118-4841&client=summon |