Vocal performance varies with habitat quality in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)

• Published in: Behaviour Vol. 149; no. 1; pp. 35 - 50
• Main Authors: Grava, Thibault, Grava, Angelique, Otter, Ken A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: The Netherlands Brill 2012; BRILL
• Subjects: Acoustics; Aviculture; Bird songs; black-capped chickadee; Breeding success; Deciduous forests; Dyadic relations; Food availability; Food quality; Forest habitats; Forests; Habitat; Habitat conservation; habitat quality; Learning; Male animals; Otters; Poecile; Poecile atricapilla; Singing; Social rank; Song; song structure; vocal performance; Vocalization behavior; Wildlife habitats
• ISSN: 0005-7959; 1568-539X
• DOI: 10.1163/156853912X625854

Abstract
In vocal learners, such as songbirds, the ability to maintain an internal acoustic structure between songs during a chorus seems to be positively correlated with the singer’s condition and may, therefore, represent a reliable measure of the singer’s condition. For instance, some internal ratios in the black-capped chickadee (
Poecile atricapillus)
fee-beesong are more stable in the song of dominant males than in the song of subordinate males, suggesting that dominant birds are better at maintaining the internal song structure than subordinate males. Habitat quality is also known to affect the behaviour of this species. Birds settling in young forest have a lower song output and lower reproductive success than birds occupying mature forests, and it is suggested that those differences arise from differential food availability across habitats. As recent studies suggest that song performance can be altered by food limitation at the time of song learning, we explore whether habitat quality has a similar effect on the ability to maintain internal song structure as does social rank. We paired males by similar social rank, but who occupied different habitat types, and compared the consistency of male song within his dawn chorus. The ability to maintain an internal song structure of birds occupying young forests was consistently lower than birds occupying mature forests. Our results demonstrate that the same difference that exist in song structure between male differing in social rank also exist between males differing in the habitat in which they sing.