Comparative effects of grain source on digestion characteristics of finishing diets for feedlot cattle: steam-flaked corn, barley, wheat, and oats

Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked corn (SFC), barley (SFB), wheat (SFW), and oats (SFO) as grain sources (74% of diet dry matter, flake density = 0.31 kg L-1) on characteristics...

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Published in:	Canadian journal of animal science Vol. 98; no. 4; pp. 794 - 800
Main Authors:	Plascencia, Alejandro, González-Vizcarra, Víctor M., Zinn, Richard A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Ottawa Canadian Science Publishing 01-12-2018 Canadian Science Publishing NRC Research Press
Subjects:	Barley Cattle Corn Diet Digestion Dry matter Duodenum Energy feedlot floconnage Grain grains (petits) grains (small) maïs Microorganisms Oats Organic matter parc d’engraissement Proteins Rumen Starch Steam steam-flaked Wheat
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Abstract	Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked corn (SFC), barley (SFB), wheat (SFW), and oats (SFO) as grain sources (74% of diet dry matter, flake density = 0.31 kg L-1) on characteristics of digestion. Ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was similar for SFC-, SFB-, and SFW-based diets, but lower for SFO. Ruminal microbial efficiency was greater for SFW and SFO. Given that the undegradable intake protein (UIP) value of SFC is 57%, the comparative UIP values for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 39.8%, 36.1%, and 47.3%, respectively. Ruminal starch digestion was lower for SFC than the other flaked grains. Total-tract OM digestion and digestible energy were greatest for SFC, intermediate for SFB and SFW, and lowest for SFO. Given the net energy maintenance (NEm) value of SFC is 2.40 Mcal kg-1, the comparative NEm value for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 2.25, 2.36, and 2.17 Mcal kg-1, respectively. Steam flaking results in important modifications of small grains that appreciably affect their comparative feeding value. Current standards underestimates the NE value of SFB, SFW, and SFO, and overestimates the UIP values for SFB and SFO.
AbstractList	Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked corn (SFC), barley (SFB), wheat (SFW), and oats (SFO) as grain sources (74% of diet dry matter, flake density = 0.31 kg L−1) on characteristics of digestion. Ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was similar for SFC-, SFB-, and SFW-based diets, but lower for SFO. Ruminal microbial efficiency was greater for SFW and SFO. Given that the undegradable intake protein (UIP) value of SFC is 57%, the comparative UIP values for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 39.8%, 36.1%, and 47.3%, respectively. Ruminal starch digestion was lower for SFC than the other flaked grains. Total-tract OM digestion and digestible energy were greatest for SFC, intermediate for SFB and SFW, and lowest for SFO. Given the net energy maintenance (NEm) value of SFC is 2.40 Mcal kg−1, the comparative NEm value for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 2.25, 2.36, and 2.17 Mcal kg−1, respectively. Steam flaking results in important modifications of small grains that appreciably affect their comparative feeding value. Current standards underestimates the NE value of SFB, SFW, and SFO, and overestimates the UIP values for SFB and SFO. Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked corn (SFC), barley (SFB), wheat (SFW), and oats (SFO) as grain sources (74% of diet dry matter, flake density = 0.31 kg L-1) on characteristics of digestion. Ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was similar for SFC-, SFB-, and SFW-based diets, but lower for SFO. Ruminal microbial efficiency was greater for SFW and SFO. Given that the undegradable intake protein (UIP) value of SFC is 57%, the comparative UIP values for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 39.8%, 36.1%, and 47.3%, respectively. Ruminal starch digestion was lower for SFC than the other flaked grains. Total-tract OM digestion and digestible energy were greatest for SFC, intermediate for SFB and SFW, and lowest for SFO. Given the net energy maintenance (NEm) value of SFC is 2.40 Mcal kg-1, the comparative NEm value for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 2.25, 2.36, and 2.17 Mcal kg-1, respectively. Steam flaking results in important modifications of small grains that appreciably affect their comparative feeding value. Current standards underestimates the NE value of SFB, SFW, and SFO, and overestimates the UIP values for SFB and SFO. Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked corn (SFC), barley (SFB), wheat (SFW), and oats (SFO) as grain sources (74% of diet dry matter, flake density = 0.31 kg L −1 ) on characteristics of digestion. Ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion was similar for SFC-, SFB-, and SFW-based diets, but lower for SFO. Ruminal microbial efficiency was greater for SFW and SFO. Given that the undegradable intake protein (UIP) value of SFC is 57%, the comparative UIP values for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 39.8%, 36.1%, and 47.3%, respectively. Ruminal starch digestion was lower for SFC than the other flaked grains. Total-tract OM digestion and digestible energy were greatest for SFC, intermediate for SFB and SFW, and lowest for SFO. Given the net energy maintenance (NE m ) value of SFC is 2.40 Mcal kg −1 , the comparative NE m value for SFB, SFW, and SFO were 2.25, 2.36, and 2.17 Mcal kg −1 , respectively. Steam flaking results in important modifications of small grains that appreciably affect their comparative feeding value. Current standards underestimates the NE value of SFB, SFW, and SFO, and overestimates the UIP values for SFB and SFO.
Abstract_FL	Douze bouvillons holsteins (454 ± 32 kg) avec des canules dans le rumen et le duodénum proximal ont été utilisés dans un design expérimental à blocs aléatoires généralisés pour comparer le maïs floconné (SFC — « steam-flaked corn »), l’orge floconné (SFB — « steam-flaked barley »), le blé floconné (SFW — « steam-flaked wheat ») et l’avoine floconné (SFO — « steam-flaked oats ») comme sources de grains (74 % de la diète selon les matières sèches, densité des flocons = 0,31 kg L-1) sur les caractéristiques de la digestion. La digestion des matières organiques (OM — « organic matter ») dans le rumen était similaire avec SFC, SFB et SFW, mais elle était plus faible avec SFO. L’efficacité microbienne dans le rumen était plus grande pour SFW et SFO. Vu que la valeur de consommation de protéines indigérables (UIP — « undegradable intake protein ») de SFC est de 57 %, les valeurs UIP comparatives pour SFB, SFW et SFO étaient de 39,8 %, 36,1 % et 47,3 %, respectivement. La digestion de l’amidon dans le rumen était plus faible pour SFC que les autres grains floconnés. La digestibilité des OM du tractus complet et l’énergie digestible étaient les plus élevées pour SFC, intermédiaires pour SFB et SFW et les plus faibles pour SFO. Étant donné que la valeur de maintien de l’énergie nette (Nem — « net energy maintenance ») est de 2,40 Mcal kg-1, les valeurs NEm comparatives pour SFB, SFW, et SFO étaient de 2,25, 2,36 et 2,17 Mcal kg-1, respectivement. Le floconnage se solde par des modifications importantes aux petits grains, ce qui a un effet appréciable sur leurs valeurs fourragères comparatives. Les normes actuelles sous-estiment la valeur NE de SFB, SFW et SFO, et surestiment les valeurs UIP de SFB et SFO. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Author	Zinn, Richard A. Plascencia, Alejandro González-Vizcarra, Víctor M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Alejandro surname: Plascencia fullname: Plascencia, Alejandro organization: Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21100, México – sequence: 2 givenname: Víctor M. surname: González-Vizcarra fullname: González-Vizcarra, Víctor M. organization: Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California 21100, México – sequence: 3 givenname: Richard A. surname: Zinn fullname: Zinn, Richard A. organization: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Snippet	Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked... Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked... Twelve Holstein steers (454 ± 32 kg) with cannulas in rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a generalized randomized block design to compare steam-flaked...
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SubjectTerms	Barley Cattle Corn Diet Digestion Dry matter Duodenum Energy feedlot floconnage Grain grains (petits) grains (small) maïs Microorganisms Oats Organic matter parc d’engraissement Proteins Rumen Starch Steam steam-flaked Wheat
Title	Comparative effects of grain source on digestion characteristics of finishing diets for feedlot cattle: steam-flaked corn, barley, wheat, and oats
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