Modeling hydrology and sediment transport in vegetative filter strips

• Published in: Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam) Vol. 214; no. 1; pp. 111 - 129
• Main Authors: Muñoz-Carpena, Rafael, Parsons, John E., Gilliam, J.Wendell
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 1999; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Erosion; erosion control; Erosion modeling; Exact sciences and technology; Finite element method; Flow of water; grass strips; Hydraulic conductivity; Hydrology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; Kinematics; Mathematical models; Runoff; Sediment; Sediment transport; sediment yield; Sensitivity analysis; Surface runoff; USA, North Carolina; Vegetation; Vegetative filter strips; water erosion; North Carolina; Appalachians; Piedmont; United States; Sediment; Erosion modeling; Surface runoff; Vegetative filter strips; rainfall; atmospheric precipitation; sensitivity analysis; simulation; runoff; vegetation; North America; infiltration; hydraulic conductivity; filtration; erosion; water content; calibration; sediments
• ISSN: 0022-1694; 1879-2707
• DOI: 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00272-8

The performance of vegetative filter strips is governed by complex mechanisms. Models can help simulate the field conditions and predict the buffer effectiveness. A single event model for simulating the hydrology and sediment filtration in buffer strips is developed and field tested. Input parameters, sensitivity analysis, calibration and field testing of the model are presented. The model was developed by linking three submodels to describe the principal mechanisms found in natural buffers: a Petrov–Galerkin finite element kinematic wave overland flow submodel, a modified Green–Ampt infiltration submodel and the University of Kentucky sediment filtration model for grass areas. The new formulation effectively handles complex sets of inputs similar to those found in natural events. Major outputs of the model are water outflow and sediment trapping on the strip. The strength of the model is a good description of the hydrology within the filter area, which is essential for achieving good sediment outflow predictions or trapping efficiency. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the most sensitive parameters for the hydrology component are initial soil water content and vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity, and sediment characteristics (particle size, fall velocity and sediment density) and grass spacing for the sediment component. A set of 27 natural runoff events (rainfall amounts from 0.003 to 0.03
m) from a North Carolina Piedmont site was used to test the hydrology component, and a subset of nine events for the sediment component. Good predictions are obtained with the model if shallow uniform sheet flow (no channelization) occurs within the filter.