Evolutionary Endocrinology: The Developing Synthesis between Endocrinology and Evolutionary Genetics

• Published in: Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics Vol. 38; no. 1; pp. 793 - 817
• Main Authors: Zera, Anthony J., Harshman, Lawrence G., Williams, Tony D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Palo Alto, CA Annual Reviews 01-01-2007; Annual Reviews, Inc
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Biological and medical sciences; Butterflies & moths; Drosophila; Ecdysteroids; Endocrinology; Evolution; Evolutionary biology; Evolutionary genetics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Genetic diversity; Genetic variation; Genetics; Gryllidae; Hormonal regulation; Hormones; Insect genetics; Insect hormones; Insects; Life history; Phenotypic traits; Life history; development; Artificial selection; Genetics; Review; Endocrinology; Polymorphism; hormone
• ISSN: 1543-592X; 1545-2069
• DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095615

A productive synthesis of endocrinology and evolutionary genetics has occurred during the past two decades, resulting in the first direct documentation of genetic variation and correlation for endocrine regulators in nondomesticated animals. In a number of insect genetic polymorphisms (dispersal polymorphism in crickets, butterfly wing-pattern polymorphism), blood levels of ecdysteroids and juvenile hormone covary with morphology, development, and life history. Genetic variation in insulin signaling may underlie life history trade-offs in Drosophila. Vertebrate studies identified variation in brain neurohormones, bone-regulating hormones, and hormone receptor gene sequences that underlie ecologically important genetic polymorphisms. Most work to date has focused on genetically variable titers (concentrations) of circulating hormones and the activities of titer regulators. Continued progress will require greater integration among (a) traditional comparative endocrine approaches (e.g., titer measures); (b) molecular studies of hormone receptors and intracellular signaling pathways; and (c) fitness studies of genetically variable endocrine traits in ecologically appropriate conditions.