Holocene climatic changes in the Western Mediterranean, from south-east France to south-east Spain

Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two different ratio...

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Published in:	Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol. 160; no. 3; pp. 255 - 290
Main Authors:	Jalut, Guy, Esteban Amat, Augustin, Bonnet, Louis, Gauquelin, Thierry, Fontugne, Michel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 15-07-2000 Elsevier
Subjects:	climatic changes Continental interfaces, environment Holocene vegetation human impact Ocean, Atmosphere pollen data Sciences of the Universe Western Mediterranean MED, Western Mediterranean Europe Mediterranean Region pollen data Holocene vegetation Western Mediterranean climatic changes human impact
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Abstract	Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two different ratios corresponding to the different climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level fluctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, 14C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identified. They correspond to aridification phases that occurred around 9500–9000 yr BP (10 900–9700 cal BP), 7500–7000 yr BP (8400–7600 cal BP), 4500–4000 yr BP (5300–4200 cal BP), 3700–3300 yr BP (4300–3400 cal BP), 2600–1900 yr BP (2850–1730 cal BP) and 1300–1000 yr BP (1300–750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions.
AbstractList	Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two different ratios corresponding to the different climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level fluctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, super(14)C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identified. They correspond to aridification phases that occurred around 9500-9000 yr BP (10 900-9700 cal BP), 7500-7000 yr BP (8400-7600 cal BP), 4500-4000 yr BP (5300-4200 cal BP), 3700-3300 yr BP (4300-3400 cal BP), 2600-1900 yr BP (2850-1730 cal BP) and 1300-1000 yr BP (1300-750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions. Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two different ratios corresponding to the different climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level fluctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, 14C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identified. They correspond to aridification phases that occurred around 9500–9000 yr BP (10 900–9700 cal BP), 7500–7000 yr BP (8400–7600 cal BP), 4500–4000 yr BP (5300–4200 cal BP), 3700–3300 yr BP (4300–3400 cal BP), 2600–1900 yr BP (2850–1730 cal BP) and 1300–1000 yr BP (1300–750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions. Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain, vegetation and climate along selected transects from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean, we obtained threshold values of two different ratios corresponding to the different climatic conditions along the transects. These pollen ratios and threshold values were employed to characterize the Holocene climatic changes from nine Mediterranean coastal sites. The results were compared with data from marine and continental pollen sequences distributed in the western Mediterranean basin, and with additional regional data independent of human activity: lake-level fluctuations, alpine glacier advance and retreat chronology, super(1) super(4) C anomaly and cooling phases in Eastern France and Central Europe. The role of anthropogenic activities and climate on the changes in vegetation is discussed. Six major changes in vegetation cover were identified. They correspond to aridification phases that occured around 9500-9000 yr BP (10 900-9700 cal BP), 7500-7000 yr BP (8400-7600 cal BP), 4500-4000 yr BP (5300-4200 cal BP), 3700-3300 yr BP (4300-3400 cal BP), 2600-1900 yr BP (2850-1730 cal BP) and 1300-1000 yr BP (1300-750 cal BP). These arid episodes were regional responses to more global climatic changes and determined the changes in the vegetation cover. Humans undoubtedly enhanced the vegetation changes, but none the less had to adapt to these new climatic conditions.
Author	Gauquelin, Thierry Jalut, Guy Esteban Amat, Augustin Bonnet, Louis Fontugne, Michel
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Guy surname: Jalut fullname: Jalut, Guy email: jalut@cict.fr organization: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Terrestre, UMR 5552, Université Paul Sabatier, 39, allées Jules Guesde, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Augustin surname: Esteban Amat fullname: Esteban Amat, Augustin organization: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Terrestre, UMR 5552, Université Paul Sabatier, 39, allées Jules Guesde, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France – sequence: 3 givenname: Louis surname: Bonnet fullname: Bonnet, Louis organization: Groupe de Biologie Quantitative, UMR 5552, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Thierry surname: Gauquelin fullname: Gauquelin, Thierry organization: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Terrestre, UMR 5552, Université Paul Sabatier, 39, allées Jules Guesde, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France – sequence: 5 givenname: Michel surname: Fontugne fullname: Fontugne, Michel organization: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire mixte CNRS-CEA, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Snippet	Holocene climatic changes along coastal regions from south-east France to south-east Spain were studied using pollen ratios. Comparing modern pollen rain,...
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SubjectTerms	climatic changes Continental interfaces, environment Holocene vegetation human impact Ocean, Atmosphere pollen data Sciences of the Universe Western Mediterranean
Title	Holocene climatic changes in the Western Mediterranean, from south-east France to south-east Spain
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