Structural Elucidation and Quantification of Phenolic Conjugates Present in Human Urine after Tea Intake

• Published in: Analytical chemistry (Washington) Vol. 84; no. 16; pp. 7263 - 7271
• Main Authors: van der Hooft, Justin J. J, de Vos, Ric C. H, Mihaleva, Velitchka, Bino, Raoul J, Ridder, Lars, de Roo, Niels, Jacobs, Doris M, van Duynhoven, John P. M, Vervoort, Jacques
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 21-08-2012
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Biochemistry; black tea; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drinking; ellagic acid; Exact sciences and technology; Extraction processes; green tea; Humans; ingestion; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; metabolite identification; Metabolites; metabolomics; nmr; Other chromatographic methods; Phenol - chemistry; Phenol - metabolism; Phenol - urine; phytochemicals; Polyphenols; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectrometric and optical methods; tandem mass-spectrometry; Tea; Tea - chemistry; Tilidine - chemistry; Urinalysis; Urinalysis - methods; Human; Urine; Solid phase extraction; Fourier transform spectroscopy; Metabolite; Indole; Use; HPLC chromatography; Liquid chromatography; Exposure; Identification; NMR spectrometry; Concentration; Biological activity; Chemical enrichment; Fragmentation; High pressure; Specific activity; Trapping; Polyphenol; Preparation; Acetic acid; Mass spectrometry; Quantitative analysis
• ISSN: 0003-2700; 1520-6882
• DOI: 10.1021/ac3017339

In dietary polyphenol exposure studies, annotation and identification of urinary metabolites present at low (micromolar) concentrations are major obstacles. To determine the biological activity of specific components, it is necessary to have the correct structures and the quantification of the polyphenol-derived conjugates present in the human body. We present a procedure for identification and quantification of metabolites and conjugates excreted in human urine after single bolus intake of black or green tea. A combination of a solid-phase extraction (SPE) preparation step and two high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based analytical platforms was used, namely, accurate mass fragmentation (HPLC-FTMSn) and mass-guided SPE-trapping of selected compounds for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) measurements (HPLC-TOFMS-SPE-NMR). HPLC-FTMSn analysis led to the annotation of 138 urinary metabolites, including 48 valerolactone and valeric acid conjugates. By combining the results from MSn fragmentation with the one-dimensional (1D)-1H NMR spectra of HPLC-TOFMS-SPE-trapped compounds, we elucidated the structures of 36 phenolic conjugates, including the glucuronides of 3′,4′-di- and 3′,4′,5′-trihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactone, three urolithin glucuronides, and indole-3-acetic acid glucuronide. We also obtained 26 h-quantitative excretion profiles for specific valerolactone conjugates. The combination of the HPLC-FTMSn and HPLC-TOFMS-SPE-NMR platforms results in the efficient identification and quantification of less abundant phenolic conjugates down to nanomoles of trapped amounts of metabolite corresponding to micromolar metabolite concentrations in urine.