Problems and Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Polydipsia and Hyponatremia
Fluid-electrolyte balance is regulated within a narrow range and disturbances in this system are unusual in animals and humans. Studies from the preneuroleptic era to date suggest that up to 25 percent of patients with schizophrenia have polydipsia, suggesting that it is related to the pathophysiolo...
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| Published in: | Schizophrenia bulletin Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 455 - 464 |
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| Main Authors: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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United States
National Institute of Mental Health
01-01-1996
Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
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| Abstract | Fluid-electrolyte balance is regulated within a narrow range and disturbances in this system are unusual in animals and humans. Studies from the preneuroleptic era to date suggest that up to 25 percent of patients with schizophrenia have polydipsia, suggesting that it is related to the pathophysiology of the psychoses. Polydipsia and the related phenomenon of hyponatremia cause considerable mortality and morbidity. Prevalence studies are limited by imprecise measures available at present. The treatment was limiting water intake when patients reached critical levels of water retention, which however did not improve polydipsia. Recent case reports and open studies have shown that clozapine improves both polydipsia and water retention. The response occurs at low doses and is not related to improvement in psychosis. This may not be applicable to all patients and better understanding of the pathophysiology of polydipsia-hyponatremia would lead to more empirically derived treatments. |
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| AbstractList | Fluid-electrolyte balance is regulated within a narrow range and disturbances in this system are unusual in animals and humans. Studies from the preneuroleptic era to date suggest that up to 25 percent of patients with schizophrenia have polydipsia, suggesting that it is related to the pathophysiology of the psychoses. Polydipsia and the related phenomenon of hyponatremia cause considerable mortality and morbidity. Prevalence studies are limited by imprecise measures available at present. The treatment was limiting water intake when patients reached critical levels of water retention, which however did not improve polydipsia. Recent case reports and open studies have shown that clozapine improves both polydipsia and water retention. The response occurs at low doses and is not related to improvement in psychosis. This may not be applicable to all patients and better understanding of the pathophysiology of polydipsia-hyponatremia would lead to more empirically derived treatments. Fluid-electrolyte balance is regulated within a narrow range and disturbances in this system are unusual in animals and humans. Studies from the preneuroleptic era to date suggest that up to 25% of patients with schizophrenia have polydipsia (PD), suggesting that it is related to the pathophysiology of the psychoses. PD and the related phenomenon of hyponatremia cause considerable mortality and morbidity. Prevalence studies are limited by imprecise measures available at present. The treatment was limiting water intake when patients reached critical levels of water retention, which however did not improve PD. Recent case reports and open studies have shown that clozapine improves both PD and water retention. The response occurs at low doses and is not related to improvement in psychosis. This may not be applicable to all patients and better understanding of the pathophysiology of PD-hyponatremia would lead to more empirically derived treatments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) |
| Author | Josiassen, Richard C Verghese, Cherian de Leon, José |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8873296$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Behavior Modification Behavior Therapy Drinking - physiology Drug Therapy Human Humans Hyponatremia Hyponatremia - complications Hyponatremia - diagnosis Hyponatremia - drug therapy Hyponatremia - therapy Medical Diagnosis Polydipsia Prevalence Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - complications Thirst - drug effects Thirst - physiology Treatment Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - complications Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - diagnosis Water-Electrolyte Imbalance - therapy |
| Title | Problems and Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Polydipsia and Hyponatremia |
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