Impact of Short-Term Intake of Red Wine and Grape Polyphenol Extract on the Human Metabolome

• Published in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol. 60; no. 12; pp. 3078 - 3085
• Main Authors: Jacobs, Doris M, Fuhrmann, Jens C, van Dorsten, Ferdinand A, Rein, Dietrich, Peters, Sonja, van Velzen, Ewoud J. J, Hollebrands, Boudewijn, Draijer, Richard, van Duynhoven, John, Garczarek, Ursula
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 28-03-2012
• Subjects: acid; Adolescent; Adult; adults; Aged; amino acid metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; black tea; Cross-Over Studies; fasting; fermentation; Fermented food industries; Food industries; Fruit - chemistry; Fruit and vegetable industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gallic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Gallic Acid - urine; grape juice; gut; health; Hippurates - urine; Humans; Male; metabolites; metabolome; Metabolome - drug effects; microbiota; microflora; Middle Aged; modulation; niacin; p-cresol; phenolic-compounds; Phenols; Phenylacetates - urine; Placebos; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; polyphenols; Polyphenols - administration & dosage; Propionates - urine; pyrogallol; Pyrogallol - urine; red wines; syringic acid; tryptophan; tyrosine; Tyrosine - blood; urine; Vitis - chemistry; Wine; wine grapes; Wines and vinegars; polyphenols; local false discovery; grape; metabolomics; wine; phenolic acids; Short term; Human; Fruit; Phenolic acid; Extract; Discoveries; Red wine; Alcoholic beverage; Polyphenol; Grape
• ISSN: 0021-8561; 1520-5118
• DOI: 10.1021/jf2044247

Red wine and grape polyphenols are considered to promote cardiovascular health and are involved in multiple biological functions. Their overall impact on the human metabolome is not known. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous metabolic effects were determined in fasting plasma and 24 h urine from healthy male adults consuming a mix of red wine and grape juice extracts (WGM) for 4 days in a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Syringic acid, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were confirmed as the strongest urinary markers of WGM intake. Overall, WGM had a mild impact on the endogenous metabolism. Most noticeable were changes in several amino acids deriving from tyrosine and tryptophan. Reductions in the microbial metabolites p-cresol sulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid and increases in indole-3-lactic acid and nicotinic acid were observed in urine. In plasma, tyrosine was reduced. The results suggest that short-term intake of WGM altered microbial protein fermentation and/or amino acid metabolism.