Dislocation recovery in fine-grained polycrystalline olivine

• Published in: Physics and chemistry of minerals Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 363 - 377
• Main Authors: Farla, R. J. M., Kokkonen, H., Fitz Gerald, J. D., Barnhoorn, A., Faul, U. H., Jackson, I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01-05-2011; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Atmosphere; Backscattering; Boundaries; Crystallography and Scattering Methods; Crystals; Deformation mechanisms; Dislocation density; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Electron imaging; Energy recovery; Geochemistry; Grain boundaries; High temperature; Image analysis; Mineral Resources; Mineralogy; Olivine; Original Paper; Polycrystals; Single crystals; Sol-gel processes; Strain; Temperature; Dislocation recovery; FE-SEM; San Carlos; Microstructures; Sol–gel; Synthetic olivine; Diffusion
• ISSN: 0342-1791; 1432-2021
• DOI: 10.1007/s00269-010-0410-3

The rate of static dislocation recovery in Fo
90
olivine has been studied under conditions of high temperature and controlled atmosphere in compressively deformed polycrystals hot-pressed from synthetic (sol–gel) and natural (San Carlos) precursor powders. The sol–gel olivine, containing a small fraction of orthopyroxene, was deformed to a final strain of 19% with a maximum differential stress of 266 MPa whereas the San Carlos specimen was deformed to 15% strain and 260 MPa differential stress. Small samples cut from these deformed materials were annealed under high-temperature, controlled atmosphere conditions, for different durations to allow partial recovery of the dislocation sub-structures. Oxidative-decoration of the microstructural features, followed by backscattered electron imaging at 5 kV and image analysis, was used to determine dislocation density. The variation of dislocation density ρ with time
t
at absolute temperature
T
was fitted to a second-order rate equation, in integral form, 1/ρ(
t
) − 1/ρ(0) = 
kt
with
k
 = 
k
0
exp(−
E
a
/RT). The activation energy
E
a
of the recovery process is 240 ± 43 and 355 ± 81 kJ mol
−1
for sol–gel and San Carlos olivine polycrystals, respectively. The measured rates are one to two orders of magnitude lower than those reported in previous studies on natural single crystal olivine. The difference may be explained by several factors such as high dislocation densities measurable from large areas at high magnification for the SEM and the technique used to estimate dislocation densities. Comparison between fine-grained sol–gel olivine and the coarser-grained San Carlos olivine aggregate did not indicate that grain boundaries play an important role in dislocation recovery, but the absence of grain boundaries might also have contributed to the high dislocation recovery rates previously measured for single crystals.