Ganglion Dynamics and Its Implications to Geologic Carbon Dioxide Storage

• Published in: Environmental science & technology Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 219 - 226
• Main Authors: Wang, Yifeng, Bryan, Charles, Dewers, Thomas, Heath, Jason E, Jove-Colon, Carlos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Chemical Society 02-01-2013
• Subjects: Carbon dioxide; Carbon Dioxide - chemistry; Carbon Sequestration; Climatology. Bioclimatology. Climate change; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Geological Phenomena; Geology; Meteorology; Models, Theoretical; Porosity; Reservoirs; Rocks; Water Movements; Carbon dioxide; CO2 sequestration; Geological formation; fluid injection; Supercritical state; Carbon sequestration; greenhouse gas; sustainable development; Mitigation; Geoengineering; Trapping; porous materials; capillary pressure; climate change
• ISSN: 0013-936X; 1520-5851
• DOI: 10.1021/es301208k

Capillary trapping of a nonwetting fluid phase in the subsurface has been considered as an important mechanism for geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). This mechanism can potentially relax stringent requirements for the integrity of cap rocks for CO2 storage and therefore can significantly enhance storage capacity and security. We here apply ganglion dynamics to understand the capillary trapping of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) under relevant reservoir conditions. We show that, by breaking the injected scCO2 into small disconnected ganglia, the efficiency of capillary trapping can be greatly enhanced, because the mobility of a ganglion is inversely dependent on its size. Supercritical CO2 ganglia can be engineered by promoting CO2–water interface instability during immiscible displacement, and their size distribution can be controlled by injection mode (e.g., water-alternating-gas) and rate. We also show that a large mobile ganglion can potentially break into smaller ganglia due to CO2–brine interface instability during buoyant rise, thus becoming less mobile. The mobility of scCO2 in the subsurface is therefore self-limited. Vertical structural heterogeneity within a reservoir can inhibit the buoyant rise of scCO2 ganglia. The dynamics of scCO2 ganglia described here provides a new perspective for the security and monitoring of subsurface CO2 storage.