Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) of the Chinnaeru River basin, northern part of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India

• Published in: Environmental earth sciences Vol. 71; no. 6; pp. 2885 - 2910
• Main Authors: Machender, G., Dhakate, Ratnakar, Narsimha Reddy, M., Panduranga Reddy, I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2014; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Anions; Aquifer management; Aquifers; Biogeosciences; Cations; Classification; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental Science and Engineering; Exact sciences and technology; Extensive farming; Freshwater; Geochemistry; Geology; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Hydrology; Hydrology. Hydrogeology; Hydrology/Water Resources; India; Monsoons; Original Article; Pollution, environment geology; River basins; Rivers; Sodium; Surface water; Surface-groundwater relations; Tanks; Terrestrial Pollution; Urbanization; Water analysis; Water quality; Water sampling; Water tanks; Asia; Andhra Pradesh India; India; India, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad; Permeability index (PI); Soluble sodium percentage (SSP); Water quality index (WQI); Chinnaeru River basin (CRB); Sodium absorption ratio (SAR); Kelly’s ratio (KR); Residual sodium carbonate (RSC); permeability; ground water; pollution; irrigation; aquifers; anions; rivers; salinity; cations; absorption; streams; Kelly's ratio (KR); classification; urbanization; contamination; surface water; sodium; geochemical controls; water quality; water resource management; sodium carbonate; monsoons
• ISSN: 1866-6280; 1866-6299
• DOI: 10.1007/s12665-013-2665-8

Groundwater and surface water samples from 47 locations (28 groundwater, 10 tanks and 9 stream channel) were collected during the pre-monsoon (May–June) and post-monsoon season (November) from Chinnaeru River basin. Chinnaeru River basin is situated 30 km east of Hyderabad City and its area covers 250 km
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and falls in the Survey of India Toposheet No. 56 K/15. The extensive agricultural, industrial and urbanization activities resulted in the contamination of the aquifer. To study the contamination of groundwater, water samples were collected from an area and analyzed for major cations and anions. Various widely accepted methods such as salinity, sodium absorption ratio, Kelly’s ratio, residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage, permeability index and water quality index are used to classify groundwater and surface water (tank and stream) for drinking as well as irrigation purposes. Besides this, Piper trilinear diagram, Wilcox diagram, Doneen’s classification and Gibb’s plot were studied for geochemical controls, and hydrogeochemistry of groundwater and surface water samples were studied.