Annual cyclicity in export efficiency in the inner Southern California Bight
The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, ac...
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| Published in: | Global biogeochemical cycles Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 357 - 376 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01-02-2017
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| Abstract | The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air‐sea gas exchange in a one‐dimensional two‐box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O2/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series during an 18 month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 ± 44 to 477 ± 155 mmol m−2 d−1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring.
Key Points
We incorporate upwelling into a NSS model of the isotopes of dissolved oxygen
We estimate NOP and GOP over 18 months with approximately biweekly resolution
Export efficiency cycles annually in a temperate coastal upwelling region |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air‐sea gas exchange in a one‐dimensional two‐box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O2/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series during an 18 month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 ± 44 to 477 ± 155 mmol m−2 d−1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring. The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO 2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air‐sea gas exchange in a one‐dimensional two‐box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O 2 /Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series during an 18 month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 ± 44 to 477 ± 155 mmol m −2 d −1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring. We incorporate upwelling into a NSS model of the isotopes of dissolved oxygen We estimate NOP and GOP over 18 months with approximately biweekly resolution Export efficiency cycles annually in a temperate coastal upwelling region The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air-sea gas exchange in a one-dimensional two-box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O2/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time-series during an 18month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161±44 to 477±155mmolm-2d-1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05±0.10 to 0.65±0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring. Key Points We incorporate upwelling into a NSS model of the isotopes of dissolved oxygen We estimate NOP and GOP over 18months with approximately biweekly resolution Export efficiency cycles annually in a temperate coastal upwelling region The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air‐sea gas exchange in a one‐dimensional two‐box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O2/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time‐series during an 18 month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 ± 44 to 477 ± 155 mmol m−2 d−1 during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 ± 0.10 to 0.65 ± 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring. Key Points We incorporate upwelling into a NSS model of the isotopes of dissolved oxygen We estimate NOP and GOP over 18 months with approximately biweekly resolution Export efficiency cycles annually in a temperate coastal upwelling region The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO sub(2) sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into the ocean interior to drive the biological pump. Marine ecosystems over the continental margins, especially coastal upwelling regions, account for a disproportionate amount of carbon export; thus, even small fluctuations in export in these regions can have a large impact on the global carbon cycle. In this study, we estimated the rate of gross oxygen production (GOP), stoichiometrically related to gross primary production, by combining measurements of the triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen with estimates of vertical advection, eddy diffusion, and air-sea gas exchange in a one-dimensional two-box nonsteady state model of the euphotic zone. Net oxygen production (NOP) estimates based on O sub(2)/Ar were then combined with GOP to estimate the NOP/GOP ratio, or potential export efficiency, out of the euphotic zone at the San Pedro Ocean Time-series during an 18month period between January 2013 and June 2014. GOP estimates ranged from 161 plus or minus 44 to 477 plus or minus 155mmolm super(-2)d super(-1) during this period, peaking in May each year, and NOP/GOP ratios ranged from 0.05 plus or minus 0.10 to 0.65 plus or minus 0.28. The highest export efficiency occurred in late February/early March, following the onset of spring upwelling, declining as the upwelling season continued. This study demonstrates that export efficiency changes through time in this temperate coastal upwelling region on a repeated annual cycle, and the magnitude of export efficiency suggests efficient photosynthetic energy conversion by phytoplankton in spring. Key Points * We incorporate upwelling into a NSS model of the isotopes of dissolved oxygen * We estimate NOP and GOP over 18months with approximately biweekly resolution * Export efficiency cycles annually in a temperate coastal upwelling region |
| Author | Stanley, Rachel H. R. Prokopenko, Maria G. Haskell, William Z. Sandwith, Zoe O. Hammond, Douglas E. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: William Z. surname: Haskell fullname: Haskell, William Z. email: haskell@ucsb.edu organization: University of California – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria G. orcidid: 0000-0003-1529-6564 surname: Prokopenko fullname: Prokopenko, Maria G. organization: Pomona College – sequence: 3 givenname: Douglas E. surname: Hammond fullname: Hammond, Douglas E. organization: University of Southern California – sequence: 4 givenname: Rachel H. R. orcidid: 0000-0003-4860-2476 surname: Stanley fullname: Stanley, Rachel H. R. organization: Wellesley College – sequence: 5 givenname: Zoe O. surname: Sandwith fullname: Sandwith, Zoe O. organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
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| Copyright | 2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. |
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| Snippet | The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into... The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO 2 sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks into... The balance of marine autotrophy and heterotrophy regulates the ocean's ability to serve as a CO sub(2) sink, as organic material produced by autotrophs sinks... |
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| SubjectTerms | Advection Algae Annual variations Autotrophs Autotrophy Biogeochemistry Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Coastal upwelling Coastal zone Continental margins Dissolved oxygen Dye dispersion Ecosystems Eddy diffusion Efficiency Energy conversion Energy conversion efficiency Estimates Euphotic zone export efficiency Exports Gas exchange gross oxygen production (GOP) Heterotrophy Isotope composition Isotopes Marine Marine biology Marine ecosystems Ocean circulation Oceans Oxygen Oxygen production Photosynthesis Phytoplankton Primary production Ratios Regions Southern California Bight Spring Temperature (air-sea) triple oxygen isotopes Turbulent diffusion Upwelling Vertical advection Vortices |
| Title | Annual cyclicity in export efficiency in the inner Southern California Bight |
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