Exploring Structures and Dynamics of Protamine Molecules through Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that condense DNA in sperm. Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine structure is scarce. We, therefore, used molecular dynamics to examine the structures of salmon, bull P1, and human P1 protamines. The sizes and shapes of each protami...
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Published in: | ACS omega Vol. 7; no. 46; pp. 42083 - 42095 |
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22-11-2022
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Abstract | Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that condense DNA in sperm. Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine structure is scarce. We, therefore, used molecular dynamics to examine the structures of salmon, bull P1, and human P1 protamines. The sizes and shapes of each protamine varied widely, indicating that they were disordered with structures covering a broad conformational landscape, from hairpin loop structures to extended coils. Despite their general disorder, the protamines did form secondary structures, including helices and hairpin loops. In eutherians, hairpins may promote disulfide bonding that facilitates protamine-DNA condensation, but the specifics of this bonding is not well established. We examined inter-residue distances in the simulations to predict residue pairs likely to form intramolecular bonds, leading to the identification of bonding pairs consistent with previous results in bull and human. These results support a model for eutherian protamine structures where a highly charged center is surrounded by disulfide-bond-stabilized loops. |
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AbstractList | Protamines are arginine-rich
proteins that condense DNA in sperm.
Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine
structure is scarce. We, therefore, used molecular dynamics to examine
the structures of salmon, bull P1, and human P1 protamines. The sizes
and shapes of each protamine varied widely, indicating that they were
disordered with structures covering a broad conformational landscape,
from hairpin loop structures to extended coils. Despite their general
disorder, the protamines did form secondary structures, including
helices and hairpin loops. In eutherians, hairpins may promote disulfide
bonding that facilitates protamine-DNA condensation, but the specifics
of this bonding is not well established. We examined inter-residue
distances in the simulations to predict residue pairs likely to form
intramolecular bonds, leading to the identification of bonding pairs
consistent with previous results in bull and human. These results
support a model for eutherian protamine structures where a highly
charged center is surrounded by disulfide-bond-stabilized loops. Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that condense DNA in sperm. Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine structure is scarce. We, therefore, used molecular dynamics to examine the structures of salmon, bull P1, and human P1 protamines. The sizes and shapes of each protamine varied widely, indicating that they were disordered with structures covering a broad conformational landscape, from hairpin loop structures to extended coils. Despite their general disorder, the protamines did form secondary structures, including helices and hairpin loops. In eutherians, hairpins may promote disulfide bonding that facilitates protamine-DNA condensation, but the specifics of this bonding is not well established. We examined inter-residue distances in the simulations to predict residue pairs likely to form intramolecular bonds, leading to the identification of bonding pairs consistent with previous results in bull and human. These results support a model for eutherian protamine structures where a highly charged center is surrounded by disulfide-bond-stabilized loops. |
Author | Wang, Yongmei Ziebarth, Jesse D. DeRouchey, Jason E. Gallops, Caleb Edward Shadman, Hossain |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Chemistry |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Chemistry |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hossain orcidid: 0000-0002-4020-4783 surname: Shadman fullname: Shadman, Hossain organization: Department of Chemistry – sequence: 2 givenname: Caleb Edward surname: Gallops fullname: Gallops, Caleb Edward organization: Department of Chemistry – sequence: 3 givenname: Jesse D. surname: Ziebarth fullname: Ziebarth, Jesse D. organization: Department of Chemistry – sequence: 4 givenname: Jason E. orcidid: 0000-0002-3624-4432 surname: DeRouchey fullname: DeRouchey, Jason E. organization: Department of Chemistry – sequence: 5 givenname: Yongmei orcidid: 0000-0002-7418-9489 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yongmei email: ywang@memphis.edu organization: Department of Chemistry |
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Snippet | Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that condense DNA in sperm. Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine structure is scarce. We,... Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that condense DNA in sperm. Despite their importance in reproduction, information on protamine structure is scarce. We,... |
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Title | Exploring Structures and Dynamics of Protamine Molecules through Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
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