High-Strength Stereolithographic 3D Printed Nanocomposites: Graphene Oxide Metastability

The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology’s application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report, we demonstrate a simple approach that takes advantage of the metastable, temperature-dependent structure of graphene oxide (GO) to enhance th...

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Published in:	ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 9; no. 11; pp. 10085 - 10093
Main Authors:	Manapat, Jill Z, Mangadlao, Joey Dacula, Tiu, Brylee David Buada, Tritchler, Grace C, Advincula, Rigoberto C
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Chemical Society 22-03-2017
Subjects:	graphene oxide additive manufacturing thermal postcuring mild annealing polymer nanocomposites stereolithography
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Abstract	The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology’s application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report, we demonstrate a simple approach that takes advantage of the metastable, temperature-dependent structure of graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the mechanical properties of conventional 3D-printed resins produced by stereolithography (SLA). A commercially available SLA resin was reinforced with minimal amounts of GO nanofillers and thermally annealed at 50 and 100 °C for 12 h. Tensile tests revealed increasing strength and modulus at an annealing temperature of 100 °C, with the highest tensile strength increase recorded at 673.6% (for 1 wt % GO). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also showed increasing thermal stability with increasing annealing temperature. The drastic enhancement in mechanical properties, which is seen to this degree in 3D-printed samples reported in literature, is attributed to the metastable structure of GO, polymer–nanofiller cross-linking via acid-catalyzed esterification, and removal of intercalated water, thus improving filler–matrix interaction as evidenced by spectroscopy and microscopy analyses.
AbstractList	The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology's application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report, we demonstrate a simple approach that takes advantage of the metastable, temperature-dependent structure of graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the mechanical properties of conventional 3D-printed resins produced by stereolithography (SLA). A commercially available SLA resin was reinforced with minimal amounts of GO nanofillers and thermally annealed at 50 and 100 °C for 12 h. Tensile tests revealed increasing strength and modulus at an annealing temperature of 100 °C, with the highest tensile strength increase recorded at 673.6% (for 1 wt % GO). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) also showed increasing thermal stability with increasing annealing temperature. The drastic enhancement in mechanical properties, which is seen to this degree in 3D-printed samples reported in literature, is attributed to the metastable structure of GO, polymer-nanofiller cross-linking via acid-catalyzed esterification, and removal of intercalated water, thus improving filler-matrix interaction as evidenced by spectroscopy and microscopy analyses.
Author	Tritchler, Grace C Advincula, Rigoberto C Tiu, Brylee David Buada Manapat, Jill Z Mangadlao, Joey Dacula
AuthorAffiliation	Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Radiology Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering – name: Department of Chemical Engineering – name: Department of Radiology – name: Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering – name: Department of Biomedical Engineering
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jill Z surname: Manapat fullname: Manapat, Jill Z organization: Department of Mining, Metallurgical, and Materials Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: Joey Dacula surname: Mangadlao fullname: Mangadlao, Joey Dacula organization: Department of Radiology – sequence: 3 givenname: Brylee David Buada orcidid: 0000-0001-5134-0783 surname: Tiu fullname: Tiu, Brylee David Buada organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering – sequence: 4 givenname: Grace C surname: Tritchler fullname: Tritchler, Grace C organization: Department of Chemical Engineering – sequence: 5 givenname: Rigoberto C orcidid: 0000-0002-2899-4778 surname: Advincula fullname: Advincula, Rigoberto C email: rca41@case.edu organization: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28230346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology’s application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report,... The weak thermomechanical properties of commercial 3D printing plastics have limited the technology's application mainly to rapid prototyping. In this report,...
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Title	High-Strength Stereolithographic 3D Printed Nanocomposites: Graphene Oxide Metastability
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