Facile Modification of Medical-Grade Silicone for Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Biocompatibility: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy against Bacterial Biofilms

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces Vol. 15; no. 40; pp. 46626 - 46638
• Main Authors: Wynne, Kenneth J., Zolotarskaya, Olga, Jarrell, Rebecca, Wang, Chenyu, Amin, Youssef, Brunson, Kennard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Chemical Society 11-10-2023
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Bacteria; Biofilms; Biological and Medical Applications of Materials and Interfaces; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Silicones; silicone; antimicrobial; biocompatible; catheter; medical devices; surface modification
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252; 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08734

A one-step modification of biomedical silicone tubing with N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, C14, results in a composition designated WinGard-1 (WG-1, 1.1 wt % C14). A surface-active silicon-amine phase (SAP) is proposed to account for increased wettability and increased surface charge. To understand the mechanism of antimicrobial effectiveness, several procedures were employed to detect whether C14 leaching occurred. An immersion-growth (IG) test was developed that required knowing the bacterial Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Biocidal Concentrations (MBCs). The C14 MIC and MBC for Gm– uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), commonly associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), were 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. After prior immersion of WG-1 silicone segments in a growth medium from 1 to 28 d, the IG test for the medium showed normal growth for UPEC over 24 h, indicating that the concentration of C14 must be less than the MIC, 10 μg/mL. GC-MS and studies of the medium inside and outside a dialysis bag containing WG-1 silicone segments supported de minimis leaching. Consequently, a 5 log UPEC reduction (99.999% kill) in 24 h using the shake flask test (ASTM E2149) cannot be due to leaching and is ascribed to contact kill. Interestingly, although the MBC was greater than 100 μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WG-1 silicone affected an 80% reduction via a 24 h shake flask test. For other bacteria and Candida albicans , greater than 99.9% shake flask kill may be understood by proposing increased wettability and concentration of charge illustrated in the TOC. De minimis leaching places WG-1 silicone at an advantage over conventional anti-infectives that rely on leaching of an antibiotic or heavy metals such as silver. The facile process for preparation of WG-1 silicone combined with biocidal effectiveness comprises progress toward the goals of device designation from the FDA for WG-1 and clearance.