Enhanced Levulinic Acid Production from Cellulose by Combined Brønsted Hydrothermal Carbon and Lewis Acid Catalysts

• Published in: Industrial & engineering chemistry research Vol. 58; no. 8; pp. 2697 - 2703
• Main Authors: Boonyakarn, Tat, Wataniyakul, Piyaporn, Boonnoun, Panatpong, Quitain, Armando T, Kida, Tetsuya, Sasaki, Mitsuru, Laosiripojana, Navadol, Jongsomjit, Bunjerd, Shotipruk, Artiwan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: American Chemical Society 27-02-2019
• ISSN: 0888-5885; 1520-5045
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05332

This study presents a synergistic catalytic system using the combination of Brønsted hydrothermal carbon-based acid (HTCG-SO3H) and Lewis acid catalysts for one-pot conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid (LA). Chromium chloride (CrCl3), among a number of other Lewis acidic metal chlorides, was found to give the highest LA yields, and was therefore used in combination with the HTCG-SO3H, for cellulose conversion to LA. With the appropriate amount of HTCG-SO3H, the formation of side products could be reduced, resulting in improved selectivity of LA. Compared with that obtained by CrCl3 alone, at 5 wt % HTCG-SO3H, 0.015 M CrCl3, 200 °C and 5 min reaction time, the LA yield was considerably enhanced from 30 wt % to 40 wt %. Since HTCG-SO3H is a heterogeneous catalyst that can be easily prepared from biomass at moderate temperature, its use in such combined catalyst system offers economic and environmental benefits, thus making large-scale implementation of such process potentially feasible.