Difficulties and modifications in the use of available methods for hydraulic conductivity measurements in highly clogged horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
Despite the fact that several authors consider the available measurement methods of hydraulic conductivity (k ) suitable for a good representation of the bed condition and clogging potential in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, others have questioned their adequacy. In this work, hydr...
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| Published in: | Water science and technology Vol. 76; no. 7-8; pp. 1666 - 1675 |
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| Abstract | Despite the fact that several authors consider the available measurement methods of hydraulic conductivity (k
) suitable for a good representation of the bed condition and clogging potential in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, others have questioned their adequacy. In this work, hydraulic conductivity measurements with conventional and modified methods were undertaken in two small full-scale units, one planted with cattail (Typha latifolia) and the other unplanted. Both units had already been operating for seven years and showed a high degree of clogging. It was observed that the use of the falling head method, with the introduction of the tubes during the test, provided results without a clear spatial trend. On the other hand, tests done on monitoring wells inserted during construction time showed, as expected, k
increasing with the horizontal distance from the inlet, but without reflecting actual field conditions. It was observed that, as the bed became more clogged, the use of the reported methods became more complex, suggesting the need of other methodologies. The use of planted fixed reactors (removable baskets installed in the bed) with evaluation of k
at constant head in the laboratory showed potential for the characterization of the hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Despite the fact that several authors consider the available measurement methods of hydraulic conductivity (ks) suitable for a good representation of the bed condition and clogging potential in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, others have questioned their adequacy. In this work, hydraulic conductivity measurements with conventional and modified methods were undertaken in two small full-scale units, one planted with cattail (Typha latifolia) and the other unplanted. Both units had already been operating for seven years and showed a high degree of clogging. It was observed that the use of the falling head method, with the introduction of the tubes during the test, provided results without a clear spatial trend. On the other hand, tests done on monitoring wells inserted during construction time showed, as expected, ks increasing with the horizontal distance from the inlet, but without reflecting actual field conditions. It was observed that, as the bed became more clogged, the use of the reported methods became more complex, suggesting the need of other methodologies. The use of planted fixed reactors (removable baskets installed in the bed) with evaluation of ks at constant head in the laboratory showed potential for the characterization of the hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium. Despite the fact that several authors consider the available measurement methods of hydraulic conductivity (k ) suitable for a good representation of the bed condition and clogging potential in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, others have questioned their adequacy. In this work, hydraulic conductivity measurements with conventional and modified methods were undertaken in two small full-scale units, one planted with cattail (Typha latifolia) and the other unplanted. Both units had already been operating for seven years and showed a high degree of clogging. It was observed that the use of the falling head method, with the introduction of the tubes during the test, provided results without a clear spatial trend. On the other hand, tests done on monitoring wells inserted during construction time showed, as expected, k increasing with the horizontal distance from the inlet, but without reflecting actual field conditions. It was observed that, as the bed became more clogged, the use of the reported methods became more complex, suggesting the need of other methodologies. The use of planted fixed reactors (removable baskets installed in the bed) with evaluation of k at constant head in the laboratory showed potential for the characterization of the hydrodynamic properties of the porous medium. |
| Author | von Sperling, Marcos Vasconcellos, Gabriel Rodrigues Matos, Mateus Pimentel Matos, Antonio Teixeira Barreto, André Baxter Simões, Gustavo Ferreira |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mateus Pimentel surname: Matos fullname: Matos, Mateus Pimentel email: mateus.matos@deg.ufla.br organization: Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail: mateus.matos@deg.ufla.br – sequence: 2 givenname: André Baxter surname: Barreto fullname: Barreto, André Baxter organization: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 3 givenname: Gabriel Rodrigues surname: Vasconcellos fullname: Vasconcellos, Gabriel Rodrigues organization: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 4 givenname: Antonio Teixeira surname: Matos fullname: Matos, Antonio Teixeira organization: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Gustavo Ferreira surname: Simões fullname: Simões, Gustavo Ferreira organization: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil – sequence: 6 givenname: Marcos surname: von Sperling fullname: von Sperling, Marcos organization: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclepro_2022_132755 crossref_primary_10_3390_w12082286 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2019_04_168 crossref_primary_10_1590_s1413_41522018175770 crossref_primary_10_2166_wst_2019_062 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11157_018_9458_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoleng_2018_05_031 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.06.012 10.3844/ajessp.2012.489.502 10.2166/wst.2013.008 10.1007/s11270-011-1021-4 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.028 10.1016/B978-0-08-040784-5.50032-2 10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.051 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.08.005 10.2166/wst.2015.238 10.2166/wst.2009.743 10.2166/wst.2009.115 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.12.007 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.03.016 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62336-0 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.06.032 |
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| References | Pedescoll (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C18) 2012; 223 Xie (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C22) 2010; 19 Pauly (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C15) 1990 Paoli (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C14) 2013; 67 Deb (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C4) 2012; 8 Kadlec (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C8) 2009 Bedient (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C3) 1994 Seeger (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C19) 2013; 47 Barreto (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C2) 2015; 72 Xu (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C23) 2013; 2 Babatunde (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C1) 2010 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C6 Dornelas (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C5) 2009; 60 Fetter (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C7) 1994 Suliman (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C20) 2006; 27 Knowles (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C9) 2010; 44 Knowles (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C10) 2011; 37 Turon (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C21) 2009; 35 Navfac (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C12) 1986 Nivala (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C13) 2009; 59 Pedescoll (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C17) 2011; 37 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C11 Pedescoll (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C16) 2009; 35 Zhao (2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C24) 2009; 21 |
| References_xml | – volume: 2 start-page: 56 issue: 4 year: 2013 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C23 article-title: The effect of two factor combination of three kinds of loading on the soil clogging in vertical flow constructed wetland publication-title: Frontier of Environmental Science contributor: fullname: Xu – volume: 35 start-page: 1710 year: 2009 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C21 article-title: Constructed wetland clogging: a proposal for the integration and reuse of existing knowledge publication-title: Ecological Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.06.012 contributor: fullname: Turon – start-page: 212 volume-title: Engineered Wetlands: Concept, Design and Development of an Alum Sludge Based Constructed Wetland System year: 2010 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C1 contributor: fullname: Babatunde – ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C6 – volume: 19 start-page: 2567 issue: 11 year: 2010 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C22 article-title: Hydrodynamic aspects of particle clogging in the simulated vertical flow constructed using sand river as substrate publication-title: Fresenius Environmental Bulletin contributor: fullname: Xie – start-page: 1016 volume-title: Treatment Wetlands year: 2009 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C8 contributor: fullname: Kadlec – volume: 8 start-page: 489 issue: 5 year: 2012 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C4 article-title: Variability of hydraulic conductivity due to multiple factors publication-title: American Journal of Environmental Science doi: 10.3844/ajessp.2012.489.502 contributor: fullname: Deb – volume: 67 start-page: 1345 issue: 6 year: 2013 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C14 article-title: Evaluation of clogging in planted and unplanted horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands: solids accumulation and hydraulic conductivity reduction publication-title: Water Science and Technology doi: 10.2166/wst.2013.008 contributor: fullname: Paoli – volume: 223 start-page: 2263 year: 2012 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C18 article-title: A comparison of in situ constant and falling head permeameter tests to assess the distribution of clogging within horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands publication-title: Water Air Soil Pollut. doi: 10.1007/s11270-011-1021-4 contributor: fullname: Pedescoll – volume-title: Applied Hydrogeology year: 1994 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C7 contributor: fullname: Fetter – volume: 44 start-page: 320 year: 2010 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C9 article-title: Complementary methods to investigate the development of clogging within a horizontal subsurface flow tertiary treatment wetland publication-title: Water Research doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.09.028 contributor: fullname: Knowles – start-page: 289 volume-title: Constructed Wetlands in Water Pollution Control year: 1990 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C15 article-title: Performance data of a 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biofilm growth and organic particle accumulation in lab-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands publication-title: Journal of Environmental Science doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62336-0 contributor: fullname: Zhao – ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C11 – volume: 37 start-page: 754 year: 2011 ident: 2020032803185873900_WST-EM161610R1C17 article-title: Reliability, repeatability and accuracy of the falling head method for hydraulic conductivity measurements under laboratory conditions publication-title: Ecological Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.06.032 contributor: fullname: Pedescoll |
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| SubjectTerms | Adequacy Aquatic plants Artificial wetlands Baskets Biofilms Conductivity Engineering Environmental science Evaluation Freshwater plants Hydraulic conductivity Hydraulics Hydrodynamics Inlets (waterways) Measurement methods Methods Porous media Sanitation Tubes Well construction Wetlands |
| Title | Difficulties and modifications in the use of available methods for hydraulic conductivity measurements in highly clogged horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands |
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