Bacterial Cell Wall

Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ghuysen, J. M, Hakenbeck, R
Format:	eBook
Language:	English
Published:	Chantilly Elsevier Science & Technology 1994 Elsevier
Edition:	1
Series:	New comprehensive biochemistry
Subjects:	Bacterial cell walls Bacterial proteins Peptidoglycans
Online Access:	Get full text
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Table of Contents:

2. Growth, replication and division of Escherichia coli -- 3. The minC, D, E, dicB, F, and sulA genes code for natural inhibitors of septation -- 4. Many division genes are clustered -- 5. Gearbox promoters yield constant amounts of transcripts per cell cycle -- 6. Expression of the dcw cluster involves a variety of regulatory mechanisms -- 7. Influence of murein structure on septation -- 8. Function of PBP3 in septal peptidoglycan synthesis during the cell cycle -- 9. PBP3, FtsA, FtsQ and FtsZ may exert their action at a place called septator -- 10. The biochemistry of cell division regulation -- References -- Chapter 6. Biochemistry of the penicilloyl serine transferases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A putative ancestor of the penicilloyl serine transferases -- 3. Evolution features -- 4. Kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions -- 5. Mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed reactions -- 8. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7. Microbial peptidoglycan (murein) hydrolases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Enzyme specificities -- 3. Enzyme assay systems -- 4. Distribution of peptidoglycan hydrolases -- 5. Physiological functions in bacteria -- 6. Subcellular localization -- 7. ReguIation and control of peptidoglycan hydrolases -- 8. Bacteriolysis by endogenous autolysins -- 9. Well characterized peptidoglycan hydrolase systems -- 10. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8. Cell wall changes during bacterial endospore formation -- 1. Description of sporulation -- 2. Cell wall structures and metabolism -- 3. Genes associated with peptidoglycan metabolism during sporulation -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9. Teichoic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis: genetic organization and biological roles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of the Bacillus Subtilis 168 cell wall teichoic acids
Front Cover -- Bacterial Cell Wall -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of contributors -- Chapter 1. The bacterial cell envelope-a historical perspective -- 1. Historical introduction -- 2. Early observations -- 3. The modern era -- 4. The Gram-negative cell envelope -- 5. Comparative biochemistry of cell envelopes of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the Gram stain -- 6. Perspectives on the functions and biological properties of cell envelopes and some of their constituent polymers -- 7. Concluding remarks-the present and the future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Bacterial peptidoglycan: overview and evolving concepts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overall structure and architecture of peptidoglycan -- 3. Cell wall rigidity and elasticity: no contradiction -- 4. Complexity and variability of peptidoglycan -- References -- Chapter 3. Biosynthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan unit -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Genetic analysis -- 3. Biochemical studies -- 4. Physiological studies -- 5 . Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Utilization of lipid-linked precursors and the formation of peptidoglycan in the process of cell growth and division: membrane enzymes involved in the final steps of peptidoglycan synthesis and the mechanism of their regulation -- 1. Introduction: the general scheme of peptidoglycan biosynthesis through the formation of undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked intermediates -- 2. Early experiments on the enzymatic synthesis of peptidoglycans -- 3. Penicillin-binding proteins are enzymes of peptidoglycan synthesis -- 4. The penicillin-binding protein of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -- 5. Genes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis and its regulation -- References -- Chapter 5. Molecular biology of bacterial septation -- 1. Bacterial cell division
5. Unanswered questions and future prospects
3. Roles of poly(glycerol phosphate) synthesis -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10. Lipoteichoic acids and lipoglycans -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and occurrence -- 3. Cellular location -- 4. Biosynthesis -- 5. Metabolic fate of lipoteichoic acids -- 6. Physicochemical properties -- 7. Functional aspects -- 8. Potential role in pathogenicity -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 11. Cell-wall-associated proteins in Gram-positive bacteria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Protein secretion: novel Gram-positive components -- 3. Localization of proteins in the cell wall -- 4. Common structural themes -- 5. Complex cell wall-associated protein structures -- 6. Staphylococcus aureus clumping-factor and coagulase -- 7. Streptococcal M proteins -- 8. Immunoglobulin Fc-binding proteins -- 9. Fibronectin-binding proteins -- 10. Collagen- and plasmin-binding proteins and GAPDH -- 11. Complement C5a peptidase -- 12. Wall-associated proteins in oral streptococci -- 13. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) -- 14. Listeria monocytogenes internalin -- 15. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. Molecular organization and structural role of outer membrane macromolecules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lipopolysaccharides -- 3. Chemistry and biophysics of membrane proteins -- 4. Consequences of these properties -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 13. Biosynthesis and assembly of lipopolysaccharide -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of structure, biosynthesis and genetics -- 3. Lipid A/core -- 4. O unit structure and synthesis -- 5. Polymerization and assembly of components and export -- 6. Organization and biological function of LPS -- 7. Evolution -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. Lipoproteins, structure, function, biosynthesis and model for protein export
Chapter 20. Secretion of hemolysin and other proteins out of the Gram-negative bacterial cell -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Signal peptide-dependent secretion out of the cell -- 3. Signal peptide-independent secretion out of the cell -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 21. Periplasm -- 1. Introduction: definition of the periplasm and its activities -- 2. Osmotic pressure -- release of periplasmic proteins -- 3. Molecular access to the periplasm -- diffusion events -- 4. Periplasm and periplasmic space -- 5. Plasmolysis -- osmotic condition of the periplasm -- 6. The physical state of the periplasm -- viscosity -- 7. Contacts between outer and inner membrane -- 8. Structures crossing the periplasmic domain -- 9. Preservation of periplasmic structures -- 10. Examples of export pathways: periplasm and membrane adhesions -- 11. Extracellular secretion of proteins -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 22. Transmembrane signal transducing proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of membrane receptors -- 3. Chemotaxis receptors -- 4. Histidine kinase receptors -- 5. Receptor-effector elements -- 6. The sensory rhodopsins -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 23. Mechanisms of chromosomal ß-Iactamase induction in Gram-negative bacteria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Components of the inducible ß-lactamase regulatory system in Gram-negative organisms -- 3. The ampD operon -- 4. The ampG operon -- 5. Mechanisms of converting AmpR into a transcriptional activator for ampC -- 6. In search of the AmpR binding ligands -- 7. Model for chromosomal ß-lactamase induction in enterobacteria -- References -- Chapter 24. Induction ß-lactamase and low-affinity penicillin binding protein 2' synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The regulons -- 3. The operators-repressors -- 4. The sensory-transducers
1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and subcellular location of murein lipoprotein (Braun's lipoprotein) -- 3. Structure and occurrence of lipoproteins -- 4. Functions of lipoproteins -- 5. Biosynthesis of bacterial lipoprotein -- 6. Biochemistry of prolipoprotein modification und processing -- 7. Genetics of lipoprotein biosynthesis -- 8. Export of bacterial lipoproteins -- 9. Covalent assembly of murein lipoprotein to the peptidoglycan -- References -- Chapter 15. Structure-function relationships in porins as derived from a 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure -- 1. General function and atomic structure -- 2. Position in the membrane -- 3. Diffusion properties -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 16. Structures of non-specific diffusion pores from Escherichia coli -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The atomic structures of OmpF and PhoE -- 3. The transmembrane pore -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 17. The porin superfamily: diversity and common features -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sequence alignment and structure prediction -- 3. Common functional features of the porin superfamily -- 4. Evolution of the superfamily -- References -- Chapter 18. Outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli: mechanism of sorting and regulation of synthesis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sorting -- 3. Cross-regulation of synthesis of outer membrane proteins -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 19. Uptake of solutes through bacterial outer membranes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structure and composition of the bacterial outer membranes -- 3. Investigation of the porin function in vitro -- 4. Properties of the general diffusion porins -- 5. Properties of the specific porins -- 6. Role of periplasmic binding proteins in solute uptake -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References