Surface Acoustic Wave-Driven Enhancement of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays: ELISAW

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA with...

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Published in:	Analytical chemistry (Washington) Vol. 96; no. 23; pp. 9676 - 9683
Main Authors:	Zhang, Lei, Zhang, Shuai, Floer, Cécile, Kantubuktha, Sreeya Anjana Raj, Velasco, María José González Ruiz, Friend, James
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Chemical Society 11-06-2024
Subjects:	Acoustic streaming Acoustics Antibodies Antibodies - immunology Assaying Binding Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods Enzymes Humans Immunoassays Saws Sound Streaming Surface acoustic waves Surface Properties
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Abstract	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules’ binding for detectionexcept, notably, for the blocking stepis improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications.
AbstractList	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules' binding for detection─except, notably, for the blocking step─is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules’ binding for detection—except, notably, for the blocking step—is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules’ binding for detectionexcept, notably, for the blocking stepis improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules' binding for detection─except, notably, for the blocking step─is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules' binding for detection─except, notably, for the blocking step─is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications.
Author	Zhang, Shuai Velasco, María José González Ruiz Friend, James Kantubuktha, Sreeya Anjana Raj Floer, Cécile Zhang, Lei
AuthorAffiliation	Materials Science and Engineering Program Université de Lorraine Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour – name: Materials Science and Engineering Program – name: Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine – name: Université de Lorraine
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Lei surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Lei organization: Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuai surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Shuai organization: Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: Cécile surname: Floer fullname: Floer, Cécile organization: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour – sequence: 4 givenname: Sreeya Anjana Raj surname: Kantubuktha fullname: Kantubuktha, Sreeya Anjana Raj organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program – sequence: 5 givenname: María José González Ruiz surname: Velasco fullname: Velasco, María José González Ruiz organization: Materials Science and Engineering Program – sequence: 6 givenname: James orcidid: 0000-0003-0416-2165 surname: Friend fullname: Friend, James email: jfriend@ucsd.edu organization: Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
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Snippet	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the... Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the... Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen–antibody interaction through diffusion, the...
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SubjectTerms	Acoustic streaming Acoustics Antibodies Antibodies - immunology Assaying Binding Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods Enzymes Humans Immunoassays Saws Sound Streaming Surface acoustic waves Surface Properties
Title	Surface Acoustic Wave-Driven Enhancement of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays: ELISAW
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