Targeting Pathogenic Formate-Dependent Bacteria with a Bioinspired Metallo–Nitroreductase Complex

Nitroreductases (NTRs) constitute an important class of oxidoreductase enzymes that have evolved to metabolize nitro-containing compounds. Their unique characteristics have spurred an array of potential uses in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and bioengineering toward harnessing nitro caging...

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Published in:Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 145; no. 11; pp. 6453 - 6461
Main Authors: Weng, Cheng, Yang, Hui, Loh, Boon Shing, Wong, Ming Wah, Ang, Wee Han
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Chemical Society 22-03-2023
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Abstract Nitroreductases (NTRs) constitute an important class of oxidoreductase enzymes that have evolved to metabolize nitro-containing compounds. Their unique characteristics have spurred an array of potential uses in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and bioengineering toward harnessing nitro caging groups and constructing NTR variants for niche applications. Inspired by how they carry out enzymatic reduction via a cascade of hydride transfer reactions, we sought to develop a synthetic small-molecule NTR system based on transfer hydrogenation mediated by transition metal complexes harnessing native cofactors. We report the first water-stable Ru–arene complex capable of selectively and fully reducing nitroaromatics into anilines in a biocompatible buffered aqueous environment using formate as the hydride source. We further demonstrated its application to activate nitro-caged sulfanilamide prodrug in formate-abundant bacteria, specifically pathogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This proof of concept paves the way for a new targeted antibacterial chemotherapeutic approach leveraging on redox–active metal complexes for prodrug activation via bioinspired nitroreduction.
AbstractList Nitroreductases (NTRs) constitute an important class of oxidoreductase enzymes that have evolved to metabolize nitro-containing compounds. Their unique characteristics have spurred an array of potential uses in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and bioengineering toward harnessing nitro caging groups and constructing NTR variants for niche applications. Inspired by how they carry out enzymatic reduction via a cascade of hydride transfer reactions, we sought to develop a synthetic small-molecule NTR system based on transfer hydrogenation mediated by transition metal complexes harnessing native cofactors. We report the first water-stable Ru–arene complex capable of selectively and fully reducing nitroaromatics into anilines in a biocompatible buffered aqueous environment using formate as the hydride source. We further demonstrated its application to activate nitro-caged sulfanilamide prodrug in formate-abundant bacteria, specifically pathogenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This proof of concept paves the way for a new targeted antibacterial chemotherapeutic approach leveraging on redox–active metal complexes for prodrug activation via bioinspired nitroreduction.
Nitroreductases (NTRs) constitute an important class of oxidoreductase enzymes that have evolved to metabolize nitro-containing compounds. Their unique characteristics have spurred an array of potential uses in medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and bioengineering toward harnessing nitro caging groups and constructing NTR variants for niche applications. Inspired by how they carry out enzymatic reduction via a cascade of hydride transfer reactions, we sought to develop a synthetic small-molecule NTR system based on transfer hydrogenation mediated by transition metal complexes harnessing native cofactors. We report the first water-stable Ru-arene complex capable of selectively and fully reducing nitroaromatics into anilines in a biocompatible buffered aqueous environment using formate as the hydride source. We further demonstrated its application to activate nitro-caged sulfanilamide prodrug in formate-abundant bacteria, specifically pathogenic methicillin-resistant . This proof of concept paves the way for a new targeted antibacterial chemotherapeutic approach leveraging on redox-active metal complexes for prodrug activation via bioinspired nitroreduction.
Author Loh, Boon Shing
Ang, Wee Han
Wong, Ming Wah
Weng, Cheng
Yang, Hui
AuthorAffiliation Department of Chemistry
NUS Graduate SchoolIntegrative Sciences and Engineering Programme
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Department of Chemistry
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  givenname: Cheng
  surname: Weng
  fullname: Weng, Cheng
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  givenname: Hui
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  fullname: Yang, Hui
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  givenname: Ming Wah
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2162-1220
  surname: Wong
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  givenname: Wee Han
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2027-356X
  surname: Ang
  fullname: Ang, Wee Han
  email: ang.weehan@nus.edu.sg
  organization: NUS Graduate SchoolIntegrative Sciences and Engineering Programme
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SubjectTerms Bacteria - metabolism
Coordination Complexes - pharmacology
Formates
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - metabolism
Nitro Compounds - chemistry
Nitroreductases - metabolism
Prodrugs - pharmacology
Title Targeting Pathogenic Formate-Dependent Bacteria with a Bioinspired Metallo–Nitroreductase Complex
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