Characterization of the seismically imaged Tuscarora fold system and implications for layer parallel shortening in the Pennsylvania salient

• Published in: Journal of structural geology Vol. 105; pp. 18 - 33
• Main Authors: Mount, Van S., Wilkins, Scott, Comiskey, Cody S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01-12-2017
• Subjects: Alleghany orogeny; Appalachian plateau fold belt; Layer parallel shortening; Pennsylvania salient; Tuscarora formation; Alleghany orogeny; Tuscarora formation; Pennsylvania salient; Appalachian plateau fold belt; Layer parallel shortening
• ISSN: 0191-8141; 1873-1201
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2017.10.007

The Tuscarora fold system (TFS) is located in the Pennsylvania salient in the foreland of the Valley and Ridge province. The TFS is imaged in high quality 3D seismic data and comprises a system of small-scale folds within relatively flat-lying Lower Silurian Tuscarora Formation strata. We characterize the TFS structures and infer layer parallel shortening (LPS) directions and magnitudes associated with deformation during the Alleghany Orogeny. Previously reported LPS data in our study area are from shallow Devonian and Carboniferous strata (based on outcrop and core analyses) above the shallowest of three major detachments recognized in the region. Seismic data allows us to characterize LPS at depth in strata beneath the shallow detachment. Our LPS data (orientations and inferred magnitudes) are consistent with the shallow data leading us to surmise that LPS during Alleghanian deformation fanned around the salient and was distributed throughout the stratigraphic section – and not isolated to strata above the shallow detachment. We propose that a NW-SE oriented Alleghanian maximum principal stress was perturbed by deep structure associated with the non-linear margin of Laurentia resulting in fanning of shortening directions within the salient.
•3D seismic image structure of Tuscarora fold system (TFS) in Pennsylvania salient.•TFS fold trends are used to infer Alleghanian layer parallel shortening directions.•Alleghanian LPS directions fanned clockwise from NW to NNW around the salient.•Results support a single phase Alleghanian deformation model for the PA salient.